固定化菌藻填料强化人工湿地脱氮除磷效果研究

Effect of immobilized bacteria and algae filler on enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in constructed wetland

针对人工湿地氮、磷去除效果较差的现状,以固定化菌和固定化菌藻作为基质填充,探讨对照(砾石)组、固定化菌组和固定化菌藻组在人工湿地中对氮、磷的去除效果。结果表明:固定化菌组和固定化菌藻组增强了湿地体系耐负荷冲击能力及稳定性,在湿地运行初期便可快速去除水体中的污染物,固定化菌藻组、固定化菌组和对照组分别在湿地运行的第40天、48天和56天开始稳定出水,固定化菌组和固定化菌藻组出水水质稳定性均优于对照组,且达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准;固定化菌藻组中的藻粉及其吸附的有机物可作为补充碳源,强化氮的去除,固定化菌藻组出水的化学需氧量(CODCr)与氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)浓度达到GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅴ类水质标准,其对CODCr、NH3-N、TN、TP的去除率分别为58.10%、81.47%、86.70%和85.54%。

In view of the poor nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of constructed wetland,the immobilized bacteria and the immobilized bacteria and algae were used as the substrate to investigate the effects of the control(gravel)group,the immobilized bacteria group and the immobilized bacteria and algae group on nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the constructed wetland.The results showed that the immobilized bacteria group and the immobilized bacteria and algae group enhanced the load resistance and stability of the wetland system,and the pollutants in the water body could be quickly removed in the early stage of wetland operation.The immobilized bacteria and algae group,the immobilized bacteria group and the gravel group began to stabilize the effluent on the 40th,48th and 56th day of wetland operation,respectively.The stability of effluent quality of the immobilized bacteria group and the immobilized bacteria and algae group was better than that of the gravel group,reaching Level 1 A standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants(GB 18918-2002).The algae powder and its adsorbed organic matter could be used as supplementary carbon source to enhance nitrogen removal.The effluent concentrations of NH3-N、TP and CODCr from the immobilized bacteria and algae group reached ClassⅤstandard of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002).The removal rates of CODCr,NH3-N,TN and TP were 58.10%,81.47%,86.70%and 85.54%,respectively.