改良型生物滞留池在海绵城市雨水处理中的研究与应用

Research and application of amended bioretention tank in rainwater treatment of sponge city

生物滞留池是城市雨水低影响开发技术下的一种处理设施,由于其对污染物去除效果较好,运行条件不复杂,投资成本不高,在国内外得到广泛应用。基于国内外改良型生物滞留池研究动态的分析,提出生物滞留池经填料基质、厌氧环境、结构优化、有效蓄水深度、入渗率和水力流动方向等方面改良后,可在保持传统生物滞留池对悬浮颗粒物、重金属/类金属、病原体和油脂类等去除效果的同时,提升对氮、磷污染物的去除效果。总结了改良型生物滞留池处理城市雨水中污染物的基本原理与典型特征,归纳了改良型生物滞留池处理雨水的设计和应用范围,并对未来的研究与发展方向进行了展望,以期为海绵城市基础设施工程建设和老旧区城市改造提供参考。

Bioretention tank was a kind of treatment facility under the low impact development(LID)technology of urban rainwater.It was widely used at home and abroad because of its good removal effect of pollutant,uncomplicated operating conditions and low investment cost.Based on the analysis of the research dynamics of the amended bioretention tank at home and abroad,it was proposed that the amended bioretention tank could improve the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants while maintaining the removal efficiency of suspended particulates,heavy metals/metalloid,pathogens and oils of the traditional bioretention tank,after the improvement of the biological retention tank in the aspects of filler matrix,anaerobic environment,structure optimization,effective water storage depth,infiltration rate and hydraulic flow direction.The basic principles and typical characteristics of the amended bioretention tank for the treatment of pollutants in urban rainwater were summarized,and the design and application scope of it for the treatment of rainwater were concluded.The future research and development directions were also prospected,in order to provide reference for the construction of sponge city infrastructure projects and the urban reconstruction of old areas.