数据要素确权交易的现代产权理论思路

The Determination of Data Elements and Its Transaction:A Thought Based on Modern Property Rights Theory

在合作中形成的资产产权应归属于对合作产出边际贡献更大的一方是现代产权理论的基本思路。这一思路不仅为解释垂直整合提供新的角度,也解决了交易成本理论未能回答的“由谁来整合谁”的问题。这一思路在高科技领域得到了体现,投资者让渡大部分控制权给创业团队,保留与激励创业团队的积极性,以保证合作产出的最大化。将这一思路用在数据要素和数据市场培育的讨论中,数据要素确权方向应向在数据要素化过程中投入巨大、对数据价值创造更为重要的参与方倾斜,鼓励掌握核心技术的平台持续投入推进数据要素化过程。保障安全和隐私是数据要素使用中的高优先级目标,是平台型企业必须遵守的游戏规则,但不能因此就否定平台型企业在数据确权中边际贡献更大的事实。在数据要素确权中若反其道而行之,将会导致投资不足的问题,拖累数据要素的积累和价值创造过程。

It is the basic idea of modern property rights theory that the property rights of assets formed in cooperation should belong to the party with the largest marginal contribution to the cooperative output.This idea not only provides a new perspective for the explanation of vertical integration,but also solves the problem of“who integrates who”which can not be answered by transaction cost theory.If this idea is applied to the high-tech field,investors should give most of the control right to the entrepreneurial team,retain the enthusiasm of entrepreneurial team and ensure the maximization of cooperative output.If we apply this idea to the discussion of data elements and data market cultivation,we should encourage the participants who invest a lot in the process of data elements and data value creation,that is,platform Internet enterprises that master the core technology platform and invest resources for data essentialization.Ensuring security and privacy is a high priority goal in the use of data elements,and is a game rule that platform enterprises must abide by.However,we can not deny the fact that platform enterprises have the greatest marginal contribution in data right confirmation.If it goes against this,it will lead to the problem of insufficient investment and delay the process of data element accumulation and value creation.