环境法的普遍责任原则及其对诉讼制度的要求

The Principle of General Liability in Environmental Law and Its Requirement for Litigation System

普遍责任原则是我国现行环境保护法包含的一项基本原则,也是我国环境法一贯坚持的基本原则。我国法律赋予普遍责任主体个人和单位的“环保监督权利”属于履责权利。“履责权利”像其他权利一样需要获得法律上的“救济”。对作为高尚权利的“环保监督权利”而言,需要设置“成就激励”。权利主体的“成就”目标,可以是通过诉讼途径实现对环保的监督。在我国现有法律中,既可实现对“环保监督权利”的救济,又能对这项“高尚权利”的行使提供成就激励的一个途径,就是将举报权和诉权对接,建立公民检举诉讼制度。在我国现行《环境保护法》第57条第二款中,就“对环境管理机关举报”的规定开通起诉“单通道”,是可选方案。

The principle of general liability is one of the basic principles in China's current environmental protection law,and it is also a basic principle consistently implemented in China's environmental law.The“right of environmental protection supervision”granted by law to individuals and units who are the subjects of general liability belongs to the right to perform the duty.The right to perform the duty,like all other rights,requires legal“relief”.“Environmental supervision right”,which is a noble right,needs to be set up with an achievement incentive,and the goal of its subject of right can be achieved through the supervision of environmental protection by litigation.In the existing laws of our country,one of the avenues to realize the relief of“the right of environmental protection supervision”and to provide the achievement incentive for the exercise of this“noble right”is to dock the reporting right with the litigation right,and to establish the system of citizen reporting and litigation.In section 2 of article 57 of the environmental protection law,it is an option to open a single channel for prosecution on reporting to environmental management authorities.