土流共治与调适:清代海南黎族国家认同的三维向度

Local Governance and Adjustment:the Three-dimensional Orientation of Hainan Li National Identity in the Qing Dynasty

清代海南黎族土官在经历土舍存废后,逐步形成以黎甲、黎总、哨管、粮长等基层土官组成的“土流共治”的地方治理模式。清代黎族的国家认同即以政治、经济、文化三维向度多面阐释。一方面,黎族归附向化与“叛服无常”的政治认同交织互动,借以黎区驻军与关隘松动达到政治整合与地方调适之效;一方面,王朝通过招民复业,奖励垦田之举激发地方与中央间主客赋役的经济认同感,实现黎汉贸易繁荣。黎区政治认同与经济认同的历史合力衍生出黎族书院、义学、社学等较为完备的地方教育系统,进士及第与文化繁荣彰显着文化心理认同的张力与延展。

In the Qing dynasty,the Hainan Li nationality officials gradually formed a local governance idea composed of local officials including Liangchang,Lijia,General Li,and sentry post,etc.The national identity of the Li nationality officials in the Qing Dynasty was explained in three dimensions:politics,economy,and culture.On the one hand,the intertwined interaction between the Li nationality’s reliance on orientation and "rebellion against impermanence",with the garrison of the Li District and the loosening of the pass to achieve the effect of political integration and local adjustment;The economic recognition of the host-guest service between the central government and the Lihan trade flourished.The historical synergy of political and economic identities in the Li District has led to a relatively complete local education system such as the Li Nationality Academy and free school Jinshi and Di and cultural prosperity demonstrate the tension and extension of cultural psychological identity.