图像与文本:瞿昙寺瞿昙殿壁画图像程序解读

Image and Text:The Iconographic Program of the Mural in Qutan Chapel at Qutan Monastery

瞿昙殿是瞿昙寺修建年代最早并具有标志意义的建筑单元。虽然其体量不如宝光殿和隆国殿,但其殿内保存相对完好的壁画对我们研究瞿昙寺营建历史、教派归属和藏密图像程序具有重要意义。本文以文殊金刚曼陀罗为切入点,对瞿昙殿壁画配置和图像程序做了初步探讨,通过图像与文本的比对,认为瞿昙殿文殊金刚为中心的五佛配置所呈现的图像程序取自《究竟瑜伽鬘》所出文殊金刚四十三尊曼陀罗,两尊大黑天图像分别为《金刚帐》所出二臂大黑金刚和蔡派四臂大黑天。

Qutan chapel is the earliest and landmark building of Qutan Monastery.Although the dimensions of this chapel are not as good as the Baoguang Chapel and Longguo Chapel,the relatively well-preserved murals in the chapel are of great significance for us to study the construction history,religious affiliation and tantric iconographic program of Qutan Monastery.With the Manjushri-Vajra Mandala being the starting point,this paper has conducted a preliminary research on the configuration and iconographic program of the mural in Qutan Chapel.Through the comparison of images and texts,it has been considered that the iconographic program of the Manjushri-Vajra centered Five Buddha in Qutan Chapel was based on the Forty Three Manjushri-Vajra Mandalas from Rnal’byor Phreng Ba.The image of the two Mahakalas were based on Panjarnata Mahakala Text,which come out to be the Two-armed Mahakala and Chaturbhuja Mahakala.