以道解物:庄子“庖丁解牛”思想辨正

Eliminating Material Desire with the Dao:An Ideological Interpretation of“Paodin's Dismemberment of Ox”in Zhuangzi

关于“庖丁解牛”的思想内蕴、逻辑理路及文体修辞,学界至今存在误读。该寓言主题意在“以道解物”:祛除“物”及“形名”遮蔽,使“道”及其精神得以显现和运作,以实现养生天下万物百姓之目标。究其意象,“庖丁解牛”实质是对“心斋坐忘”精神活动的喻像表达,其中寓含着《洛书》象数的天道运行图式;“解牛”的方法论机制,亦非“技”的“分割”或“分解”,而是基于“合解”(游刃)的思想方式,来消弭形名“有间”及其造成的生命本真性丧失。在书写笔法上,文本则运用“三言”构筑整体脉络,使文体修辞与思想内容达至高度嵌合。

The ideological theme of“Paodin's Dismemberment of Ox”is to“eliminate material desire with the Dao”.Its metaphorical object is the spiritual activities of“mind-heart siting to forge”,as well as a picture of“the way of heaven”based on the image-numerology of Luo Shu.The method of the“Paodin's Dismemberment of Ox”is not technical“segmentation”or“decomposition”,but a Daoist way of thinking of“closing the cracks”to eliminate the“form name”restriction and the loss of life authenticity.In addition,the text ingeniously uses a combination of yuyan-chongyan-zhiyan styles to construct its narrative framework,so as to make rhetoric and ideological content fit together.