从应制之作到“不朽”之文——政治语境与文化语境中的苏轼《上清储祥宫碑》

From Under-order Work to“Immortal”Writing—Su Shi's“Shang Qing Chu Xiang Gong Bei”in Political and Cultural Contexts

元祐时苏轼于翰林学士承旨任上奉敕撰成《上清储祥宫碑》。在政治的语境中,该文宣扬了元祐之政的导向,但于随后的绍述时代即遭禁毁,显露出词臣应制之作工具功用的短暂性。在文化的语境中,该文撰成于苏轼文宗位望形成、确立之时,在北宋士人的文事活动中,成为被称赏追慕的对象,体现出文宗之于政治的超然性。及至后代,该文在文化上的影响依然延续,彰显了苏轼文宗位望超越朝代更迭的“不朽”意义。《上清储祥宫碑》于苏轼词臣衔职与文宗位望的交错分合之际,揭示出其文学形象复杂的一面。

In Yuanyou(元祐)period,Su Shi,the leader of imperial academy(翰林学士承旨),wrote“Shang Qing Chu Xiang Gong Bei”according to court's order.In the political context,this article publicized the direction of Yuanyou 's politics,but it was banned in the subsequent political period of Shaoshu(绍述)that revealed the short-term function of under-order works written by imperial edict drafters(词臣)as tools.In the context of culture,this article was written when Su Shi was establishing his prestige as the literary leader.In the cultural activities of the scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty,the article became the object of praise and admiration,reflecting the transcendence of the literary leader over politics.The cultural influence of this article even continued to be felt among later generations,which demonstrated the“immortal”significance of Su Shi as the literary leader in surpassing the change of dynasties.In the intersection of the title of imperial edict drafter and the prestige of the literary leader,“Shang Qing Chu Xiang Gong Bei”revealed the complex aspect of Su Shi 's literary image.