美国研究型大学组建跨学科组织的背景、实践及经验

Background,Practices and Experiences of Setting Up Interdisciplinary Organizations in American Research Universities

面对学科交叉的发展趋势,美国研究型大学突破传统组织建制的思想禁锢,实施了大学学术组织结构的重组和优化。不仅对学系性质与使命予以重塑,还组建专门的跨学科组织,革新大学的建筑设计理念。在组织优化的过程中,美国研究型大学守持学术组织结构的改革理性,力求在“保持大学组织内部的结构平衡、正视跨学科机构的组织形态以及建设跨学科研究的相关制度”三个方面作出谨慎决策。开放学术组织边界是时代需求,在“双一流”建设中,我国研究型大学有必要将跨学科纳入组织发展战略中,并在不同的学科间建立联系、鼓励对话、协同创新。

Faced with the trend of interdisciplinarity,the American research university broke away from the confines of the traditional organizational structure and implemented the reorganization and optimization of the university's academic structure.They not only reshaped the nature and mission of academic departments,but also formed specialized interdisciplinary organizations and revolutionized the architectural design of universities.In the process of organizational optimization,the American research university has been committed to the rationale of reforming its academic organizational structure,and has sought to make prudent decisions in three areas:maintaining structural balance within the university organization,confronting the organizational forms of interdisciplinary institutions,and building institutions for interdisciplinary research.It is the demand of the times to open up the boundaries of academic organizations.In the context of the construction of“Double World-Class”,it is necessary for Chinese research universities to incorporate interdisciplinarity into their organizational development strategies,establish links between different disciplines,encourage dialogue and collaborative innovation.