从脑科学诠释体育运动提升学习效益的理论与实践

Theory and Practice of Sports to Promote Learning Efficiency from the Perspective ofBrain Science

以体教融合为出发点,总结体育运动提升学习效益的理论与实践依据,探索我国儿童青少年大脑健康发育、学习效益提高和身心健康提升的有效途径和方法。立足于脑科学研究,综述体育运动在优化大脑生理机制(细胞和分子层面、脑结构和功能层面)和认知功能(记忆、感知-运动协调、动作预期和执行功能等)方面的效果。在体育运动的剂量方面,为通过体育运动提升大脑功能效益,儿童青少年需每天累积至少60 min、每次持续20~30 min,每周≥3 d的中高强度身体活动,但关于不同体育运动项目与运动剂量之间的关系仍需进一步研究。体育与教育结合是促进儿童青少年大脑健康发育和学习效益提升的有效手段,体教融合应立足于理论机理,基于运动效益剂量关系的原则开展体育教育,提升儿童青少年健康素质。

Started from the integration of sports and education,the theoretical and practical basis of sports are summarized to promote learning efficiency,and the effective ways and methods are explored for the healthy development of the brain,the improvement of learning efficiency and the improvement of physical and mental health of children and adolescents in China.Based on the research of brain science,the significant effects of physical exercise are summarized on brain physiological mechanism(cellular and molecular level,brain structure and function level)and cognitive function(memory,perception-motor coordination,action anticipation and executive function).In terms of the dose of sports,in order to improve the efficiency of brain function through sports,children and adolescents need to accumulate at least 60 minutes per day,20~30 minutes each time,and more than 3 days per week with moderate-high intensity.However,the relationship between different kinds of sports and exercise dose needs further study.The integration of sports and education is an effective means to promote the healthy development of children and adolescents'brain and learning efficiency.The integration of sports and education should carry out the physical education based on the theoretical mechanism and the principle of relationship between dose and exercise benefit,thus to better promote the improvement of healthy quality.