体育锻炼对青少年学业表现的影响及其中介机制——基于中国教育追踪调查的实证分析

Impact of Physical Exercise onAdolescents’Academic Performance and itsMechanisms:An Empirical Analysis Based on China Education Panel Survey Data

目的探讨体育锻炼对青少年学业表现的影响及其中介机制。方法利用中国教育追踪调查2013—2015年的数据,采用面板分层线性模型考察体育锻炼对青少年学业表现的影响,并通过结构方程模型和KHB法检验可能存在的中介机制。结果青少年每天的体育锻炼投入时间对其学业表现的影响呈倒U型曲线效应,每天体育锻炼时间45.6 min对学生文化课平均成绩的提升作用最大;多重中介效应分析结果显示,体育锻炼可通过降低负面情绪、增强同学间的互动、促进同学的积极行为、增强自信心等4种渠道提升青少年学业表现。结论结果支持了前人提出的“积极效应说”,并非体育锻炼时间最多或极力压缩体育锻炼时间对学业表现收益最大,每天坚持合适剂量运动对青少年学业表现的促进效应最优。青少年的心理健康因子、同学积极行为、同学关系、对自己未来的信心是体育锻炼影响学业表现的重要中介机制,青少年BMI、每天睡眠时间等生理健康的中介机制效应未得到统计验证。

In order to explore the impact of physical exercise on adolescents'academic performance and its mechanisms,using the data from 2013 to 2015 China Education Panel Survey,the impact of physical exercise on adolescents’academic performance was examined by means of hierarchical linear model,and the influencing mechanisms between the two variables through structural equation model and KHB.It is found there is an inverted U-Shaped relationship between the time students spend on physical exercise and their academic performance,with its highest point when reaching 45.6 minutes of daily exercise.The result of multiple mediating effects analysis shows that physical exercise can improve students’academic performance through four mechanisms:reducing students’negative emotions,enhancing interactions among classmates,promoting positive behaviors and building self-confidence.Conclusions are drawn that these findings support the previous“positive effect theory”;persistent and appropriate daily exercise has the best effect on the students’academic performance rather than the largest or contracted time spent on daily exercise does.The students’psychological health,positive behaviour,classmate interaction and self-confidence become the important mediating machanism.The medating machanism of the other two variables including adolescents’BMI and daily average sleeping time are yet to be calculated and tested.