质疑与辨正:学校体育健康追求的强度关联——基于体育课程教学特定运动强度的审思

Query and Clarification:The Intensity Correlation of School Physical Education Health Pursuit Based on Reflection of Physical Education Curriculum Teaching on Specific Exercise Intensity

在当下体育课程教学相关文件和实践中,关于特定运动强度(平均心率)的“建议”或要求在很大程度上是基于健康(体质、体能)的假定和效应。围绕学校体育健康追求与特定运动强度关联的问题和困境,通过文献考证、逻辑思辨和价值分析,厘清特定运动强度与健康追求、体育教学的不同逻辑和取向,为学校体育更好地贯彻“健康第一”的指导思想及深化改革提供理论资源。认为:①特定运动强度与学校体育健康追求难以切合。将健身或体力活动强度不当引入学校体育(主要为体育课程教学)是健康取向的错位与片面化;平均心率强度要求存在理论偏差,其低、高强度可能违背中⁃高强度的“健康”假定;心率强度与体能(与体质健康相关)提升无直接、必然联系,其更多被作为耐力发展的参考指标。②特定运动强度与体育教学的内在实质和规定难以兼容。平均(中⁃高)强度规定下,高强度对低强度的补偿有限且不合理,这使得体育教学中的低强度教学过程和具体情境、单元时段的低强度项目,以及德育的展开受到排斥或忽略。提出:在相关文件和实践中关于特定运动强度的“建议”或要求是对健身或体力活动中⁃高强度理论的误读与错用,且其并非发展体能、技能、体育品德等所必需,不宜作为体育课程教学的统一规定。体育课程教学中运动强度的适用应超越健康的假定和限制,并对“健康第一”内涵予以重新审视和定位。

The current“Suggestions”or requirements regarding specific exercise intensity(average heart rate)of the relevant documents and practices of physical education curriculum teaching are largely based on health(and physical fitness)assumption and effect.Aimed at the problems and difficulties about specific exercise intensity and the health pursuit of school physical education and using textual research logical,reasoning and value analysis,the different logics and orientations between specific exercise intensity and the pursuit of health as well as physical education teaching were clarified.It holds that:①The given exercise intensity can not meet the health pursuit of school physical education.There exist one-sidedness and dislocation in the introduction of the intensity of fitness or physical activity into school physical education(mainly physical education curriculum teaching).The implied defect may appear in average heart rate requirements,its low and high intensity may violate the"health"assumption of the medium-to-high intensity.The heart rate intensity is not directly and necessarily related to physical fitness improvement,but more of a reference index for endurance development.②The given exercise intensity is not compatible with the essence and regulation of physical education teaching.That is,under the regulation of average(medium and high)intensity,the compensation of high intensity to low intensity is limited and unreasonable,which makes the low-intensity teaching process,specific situations,lowintensity events in unit period and moral education in physical education excluded or ignored.It is provided that the"Suggestions"or requirements of specific exercise intensity in the relevant documents and practices are misreading and misusing of high intensity theory in fitness,and the specific exercise intensity is not necessary for the development of physical strength,technical ability and sports morality,it should not be regarded as the unified requirement of physical education curriculum teaching,and the application of exercise intensity in physical education curriculum teaching should go beyond the assumption and limitation of health,including the re-examination and re-positioning of"health first".