场域视角下的中小学校园欺凌现象解读

Analysis of bullying in primary and middle schools based on the field perspective

教育场域同其它场域一样是充满力量争斗的竞技场。经济资本、文化资本、社会资本和符号资本是影响学生是否卷入校园欺凌的重要因素;同时教育交往的权力分配也呈现差异,“好学生”的教师和同伴接纳度高,“差学生”则相对较低,影响学生的心理健康状态;教育场域中竞争性的惯习加剧了学生间的比较,部分学生对学校的不满形成反学校文化,容易卷入欺凌事件。防控校园欺凌需从关键的学校教育入手,增强对学生的教育支持和社会支持,促进师生交往和同伴交往,淡化不必要的竞争意识,消减不恰当的反学校文化,以有效遏制校园欺凌的发生。

The educational field is an arena full of competitive forces like other fields.The economic capital,the cultural capital,the social capital and the symbolic capital are important factors that affect whether students are involved in school bullying.The power distribution in educational communication also shows differences.“Good students”are at the high level of teacher and peer acceptance,while“poor students”are less accepted,which affects students’mental health.The competitive habitus in the educational field intensifies comparisons among students.Some students’dissatisfaction with the school breeds a counter-school culture,using bullying to express their dissatisfactory mood.The prevention and control of school bullying should start with the school education as a key,which should strengthen educational and social support for students,promote communication between teachers and peers,and weaken unnecessary competitive awareness and inappropriate counter-school culture,so as to effectively curb the occurrence of school bullying.