论经验在劳动范畴分析中的作用

On the Role of Experience in the Analysis of the Category“Labor”

马克思认为,历史的经济学研究必须以可经验的劳动范畴为出发点,进而从思维的具体的总体性中来把握劳动范畴。马克思开创了区别于英国古典经济学以及庸俗经济学的新经济学,在他看来,劳动范畴不是纯粹理论的,而是经验的历史的具体总体。劳动范畴是生产形式的基本依据和要素,它在时间和空间中所结成的有关生产各要素之间的特定关系,构成了生产形式的基本样式。价值形成过程的一般形式能够依靠纯粹理性来加以阐明,但特定的价值形成过程却需要在对历史经验的分析中完成。

Marx thought that the research of historical economics should start from the category"labor"that can be experienced,and then grasp it from the concrete totality of thinking.Marx created a new economics which is different from British classical economics and vulgar economics.In his view,the category of labor is not purely theoretical,but is the concrete totality of experience and history.The category of labor is the basis and element of the form of production.The specific relationship of the factors of production formed in time and space by it constitutes the basic pattern of the form of production.The general process of value formation can be clarified by pure reason,but the specific process of value formation needs to be completed in the analysis of his⁃torical experience.