城市生活垃圾分类中的居民动力与人群差异--基于广州市的调查研究

The Residents’Motivation and the Group Differentiation in Municipal Household Waste Classification:An Investigation in Guangzhou

生活垃圾分类已经成为我国城市的热点问题,虽然全国各地推广了多种多样的政策,然而实施效果参差不齐。居民行为的动机与效果是促成垃圾分类长效机制的关键,需要以认知心理学中的动机理论为基础,从个体行动者视角出发,探讨城市社区居民参与生活垃圾分类的动力来源。通过构建动力分析框架,提炼社区居民垃圾分类行为的关键动力以及人群间的动力差异。在此基础上,分析社区不同类型居民的行为动力,通过加强外部刺激并促进外部诱因向行为驱力转化,提高居民参与垃圾分类的动力,解决居民参与生活垃圾分类的现实难题,从根本上推动城市生活垃圾分类政策的实施效果。

Household waste classification has become a hot issue in the cities in China.Although various poli⁃cies have been promoted throughout China,the implementation effects have been uneven.The motivation and effect of residents’behavior is the key to promote the long-term mechanism of waste classification.Based on the theories of motivation in cognitive psychology and from the perspective of individual actors,this article dis⁃cusses the motivation sources for the participation of urban residents in the communities in household waste classification.Through the construction of motive analysis framework,the key motivation of the waste classifica⁃tion behavior of the residents in the communities and the motivation differences among groups are extracted.On this basis,the behavioral motivation of different types of residents in communities is analyzed.By applying ex⁃ternal incentives and promoting the transformation of external incentives to behavioral drives,the realistic di⁃lemma of residents’participation in household waste classification is solved,and the motivation of residents’participation in waste classification is improved,in order to fundamentally promote the implementation effect of municipal household waste policy.