抗战烽火中的文体突围——论抗战时期新文学家旧体诗词的文体变革

Stylistic Breakthrough in the War of Resistance Against Japan——On the Stylistic Transformation of the Old Style Chinese Poetry Made by the New Litterateur During the Anti-Japanese War

抗战时期是新文学家旧体诗词创作的高峰期。新文学家的抗战时期旧体诗词创作并非单纯的“复制”中国古典诗词的行为,而是颇具“突围”意义的文体变革实践。“从启蒙到救亡”的时代主题变奏,以及新文学家融传统与现代于一身的“一体两面性”是新文学家在抗战时期进行旧体诗词文体变革的主要动因。抗战时期新文学家旧体诗词的精神意蕴变革主要体现在现代个体生命意识的书写、现代民族国家的诗性想象、精英意识与平民意识的消长三个方面,而艺术形式变革主要体现在对白话旧体诗词的艺术探索、传统意象的复现与现代性“扩容”、以新文学文体“改造”旧体诗词三个方面。凭借跨越古今中西之边界的文体旨趣,新文学家抗战时期旧体诗词的文体变革实践在有限的传统文学形式中创造出了无限的现代可能性。这是复兴中华民族文学传统并对其进行创造性转化的有效历史探索。

The Anti-Japanese War period was the peak period for new litterateur to createthe old style poetry.The creation of the old style poetry by the new litterateur during the Anti-Japanese War is not simply an act of“copying”Chinese classical poems,but a practice of stylistic reform with the significance of“breaking through the encircles”.The variation of the theme of the times,“from enlightenment to national salvation”,and the new litterateur’s integration of tradition and modernity,“one body and two sides”,were the main reasons for the new litterateur to reform the style of old style poetry during the Anti-Japanese War.The spiritual meaning of the old style Chinese poetry of the new litterateur during the Anti-Japanese War is mainly reflected in the writing of modern individual life consciousness,the poetic imagination of modern nation and state,the ebb and flow of elite consciousness and civilian consciousness.The artistic transformation is mainly reflected in the artistic exploration of the old style Chinese poetry,the repetition of traditional images and the“expansion”of modernity,and the“transformation”of the old style Chinese poetry with the new literary style.With the stylistic purport of crossing the boundary between ancient and modern China and the West,the stylistic reform practice of the old style Chinese poems of the new litterateur created infinite possibilities in the limited traditional literary forms.This is an effective historical exploration to revive the Chinese literary tradition.