个性化教育:美国大学创新人才培养对我国素质教育的经验启示

Individuality Education:the Basic of Cultivating Innovative Talents in American Universities

归纳美国高校培养创新人才的有益经验,在于实施个性化教育。大学入学考试强调个性化选拔,在统一要求的基础上,采取多元化的录取标准和灵活多样的录取方式;在教育过程中实施个性化培养,学生可以自由转换专业、选择课程,学习过程自主管理;学业评价实行多样化的价值标准,考核方式、考核内容、考核标准均呈现出个性化特征,因而促进了学生的个性发展,培养出创新人才。反思我国高校的人才培养,建立个性化的高考生源选拔机制、提供多样性的专业选修课程、实施多元化的评价标准、创造有利于个性发展的环境是当务之急。

The beneficial experience of training innovative talents in American universities lies in the implementation of individuality education.The university entrance exam emphasizes individualized selection,on the basis of unified requirements,American universities adopt diversified admission criterion and flexible admission process,and implement individuality cultivation in the process of education.Students in American universities can freely change major,choose curriculum,and realize self-management during learning process.American universities practice diversified value standard in academic assessment,their assessment methods,assessment contents and assessment standards all present personalized features,thus promoting the students’individuality development and cultivating innovative talents.Reflecting the talent cultivation in our universities,the top priority is to establish personalized selection mechanism of the college entrance examination enrollment,provide a variety of professional courses,implement diversified assessment standard,and create the environment which is helpful for individuality development.