住院糖尿病高危足患者足部护理自我效能水平分析

Analysis of foot care self-efficacy level in high-risk inpatients with diabetic foot

目的对糖尿病足患者足部护理的自我效能水平及其影响因素进行横断面调查研究,为如何提升患者足部的自护能力提供借鉴。方法采用非随机方便抽样法并采用一般人口学调查表、足部护理知识量表、糖尿病自我效能量表(足部护理)以及社会支持量表对我院内分泌科病房204例住院患者进行面对面提问式调查,对影响患者自我效能的因素进行统分析。结果糖尿病高危足患者的足部护理自我效能得分指标为71.52%,处于中等水平,其中穿着合适的鞋袜最高,得分指标83.4%,足部检查最低,得分指标58.2%处于较低水平。多因素分析结果显示患者的学历、有无足部护理健康教育、足部护理知识以及社会支持是足部护理自我效能的影响因素。结论影响糖尿病高危足患者其足部护理自我效能的因素有学历、糖尿病足知识、是否有糖尿病足健康教育以及社会支持水平。医护人员应采取系统有效的健康教育方法提升患者与糖尿病足相关的知识水平,带动家属为患者构建良好的社会支持系统,以更好地提升患者的自我效能水平。

Objective To conduct a cross-sectional study on the foot care elf-efficacy level and related factors,so as to provide reference for follow-up research.Methods Two hundred and four inpatients in the endocrinology ward of our hospital were investigated by non-random convenient sampling using general demographic questionnaire,foot care knowledge scale,diabetes self-efficacy scale(foot care part)and social support scale for face-to-face survey.Multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of self-efficacy.Results The score index of foot care self-efficacy in the diabetic inpatients with diabetic foot risk was 71.52%which was in the middle level,in which shoes and socks wear was the highest(83.4%),and foot check was the lowest(58.2%).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level,health education of foot care,foot care knowledge and social support were the influencing factors for foot care self-efficacy.Conclusion The factors influencing foot care self-efficacy level in high-risk inpatients with diabetic foot are education level,foot care knowledge,diabetic foot health education and social support level.Medical staff should take systematic and effective education methods to improve patients'knowledge about foot care,and encourage family members to build a good social support system for the patients in order to improve patients'self-efficacy level.