醴陵市双季稻氮磷钾肥利用率研究

Study on N,P and K Fertilizer Utilization Rates of Double Cropping Rice in Liling City

为提高双季稻栽培过程中氮、磷、钾肥的利用效率,采用田间小区试验,通过测定稻谷、稻草产量及其全氮、磷、钾含量,研究了醴陵市双季稻氮、磷、钾肥利用率。结果表明:氮、磷、钾3种肥料中不施任意一种肥料,都会降低水稻有效穗、穗粒数和千粒重,导致严重减产,与施用氮磷钾肥料相比,不施氮肥减产33.11%~44.91%,不施磷肥减产23.71%~34.11%,不施钾肥减产24.61%~30.07%;氮肥、磷肥、钾肥的利用率早稻分别为44.74%、46.48%、49.58%,晚稻分别为53.59%、38.08%、41.02%。这说明水稻生产中氮磷钾肥料同等重要,配合施用能增加有效穗,改善穗粒结构,提高产量,提高肥料利用效率。

In order to study and improve the utilization efficiency of N,P and K fertilizers in Liling City,the field plot experiment was carried out by measuring rice and straw yields,and the contents of total N,P and K.The results showed that the effective panicle,grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight of rice were reduced by no application of any of N,P and K fertilizers,resulting in serious yield reduction;the yield decrease was 33.11%-44.91%without N fertilizer,23.71%-34.11%without P fertilizer and 24.61%-30.07%without K fertilizer.The utilization rates of N,P and K were 44.74%,46.48%and 49.58%in early rice and 53.59%,38.08%and 41.02%in late rice,respectively.This shows that N,P and K fertilizers are equally important in rice production,their combined application can increase effective panicles,improve panicle-grain structure,increase yield and improve fertilizer use efficiency.