有机肥替代部分化肥对烤烟生长及烟叶质量的影响

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Part of Chemical Fertilizer on Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

以NC297品种为试验材料,在玉溪山地烟区开展烟草专用商品有机肥替代部分化肥的田间试验,研究有机肥替代化肥对烤烟生长及烟叶质量的影响,以期为玉溪山地烟区减少化肥用量、提升烟叶品质、减少农业面源污染提供依据。结果表明:有机肥N替代20%化肥N可显著提高烤烟株高及最大叶面积;有机肥N替代10%~30%化肥N均可改善中部烟叶油分,提高外观质量;与对照相比,有机肥替代部分化肥处理中部烟叶烟碱含量适宜,总糖和还原糖含量均有所增加,氮碱比和糖碱比更趋于协调,烟叶香韵、香气量和整体感官质量均有所改善,以有机肥N替代30%化肥N处理对烟叶总糖、还原糖含量及感官质量的影响更为明显;有机肥替代部分化肥处理中部烟叶致香成分总量较对照提高了6.52%~14.47%,从官能团分类结果来看,有机肥N替代30%化肥N处理中部烟叶的醇类、醛类、酮类、烃类及杂环类物质含量均要高于对照;从前体物质分类结果来看,苯丙氨酸类、类胡萝卜素降解产物含量以有机肥N替代30%化肥N处理最高,美拉德反应产物、叶绿素降解产物含量以有机肥N替代20%化肥N处理最高。综上可见,有机肥N替代10%~30%化肥N均有助于改善烟叶外观质量、化学成分协调性和香韵,提高致香成分总量,其中以有机肥N替代30%化肥N处理表现更优。

In order to provide a scientific basis for reducing chemical fertilizer application,improving tobacco quality and reducing agricultural non-point source pollution in tobacco-growing areas of the Yuxi mountain region,the effects of organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer on agronomic traits,appearance quality,chemical composition,sensory quality and aroma components of flue-cured tobacco were studied by using NC297 as material in field experiment.The results showed that the plant height and maximum leaf area of flue-cured tobacco could be significantly improved by organic fertilizer N replacing 20%chemical fertilizer N.The oil content and appearance quality of middle tobacco leaves could be improved by organic fertilizer N replacing 10%-30%chemical fertilizer N.Compared with the control,organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer brought middle tobacco leaves a suitable nicotine content,increased contents of total sugar and reducing sugar,more harmonious ratios of nitrogen to nicotine and sugar to nicotine;the tobacco aroma note,aroma concentration and sensory quality were improved;particularly,the effects of organic fertilizer N replacing 30%chemical fertilizer N on total sugar content,reducing sugar content and sensory quality of tobacco leaves were more obvious.Compared with the control,the total amount of aroma components in middle tobacco leaves treated with organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer increased by 6.52%-14.47%;from the aspects of functional group categories,the contents of alcohols,aldehydes,ketones,hydrocarbons,and heterocyclic compounds of middle tobacco leaves treated with organic fertilizer N replacing 30%chemical fertilizer N were higher than those of the control;from the aspects of precursors categories,phenylalanine and carotenoid degradation products were the highest in the treatment of organic fertilizer N replacing 30%chemical fertilizer N;and the contents of Maillard reaction and chlorophyll degradation products were the highest in the treatment of organic fertilizer N replacing 20%chemical fertilizer N.In conclusion,organic fertilizer N replacing 10%-30%chemical fertilizer N can improve the appearance quality,chemical composition coordination and aroma note,and increase the total amount of aroma components.The treatment of organic fertilizer N replacing 30%chemical fertilizer N was better.