“南京事件”与日蒋关系的衍变

The 1927 Nanjing Incident and Changes of Japanese-Chiang Kai-shek Relations

北伐初期,为防止列强联合干涉,国民政府采取了亲日近美的权宜之计,仅以英国为反帝运动的主要目标,一举收回汉口、九江英租界。在国民政府释放出对日友好的明确信号后,日本政府判断英国在华势力有可能退却,若能趁机扶持国民党右派顺势驱之,必可取代其在长江流域的经济地位。为达成这一目标,“南京事件”爆发后,日本并未参加英美炮轰南京的行动,而是把这一突发的外交事件发酵成了促蒋反共的有效砝码,成功分化了国民革命阵营。虽然若槻内阁“促蒋反共”之策成功收官,但当时日本国内党争异常激烈,政治军国化日趋严峻,“南京事件”被无限放大,最终成了政权更迭的导火索。“四一二”政变后,武汉政府式微,南京政府独大,田中内阁遂转而选择南京为善后交涉对象,对蒋介石既拉且打,试图把日蒋关系纳入其预设的“理想轨道”。该时期日蒋关系的复杂衍变深刻反映了南京国民政府建立之初蒋介石对日既合谋又博弈、既妥协又斗争的多维诉求。

Inasmuch as Japan held that the British power might grow weaker in China,it decided to support Guomindang s right wing bossed by Chiang Kai-shek.Precisely for this reason,Japan did not join the 1927 bombing of Nanjing orchestrated by the Anglo-American bloc.After the April 12 Massacre committed by Chiang,the Japanese government adopted the carrot-and-stick approach with Chiang's Nanjing regime.