妇女的劳动脱贫——基于产业扶贫案例的性别敏感性分析

Working for Poverty Alleviation of Women:Gender-Sensitive Analysis Based on Cases of Industrial Poverty Alleviation

在经济社会的转型中,性别的差异和不平等会突出表现在贫困的性别差异方面。女性贫困化理论是对这一现象的系统归纳。虽然女性贫困化的现象因不同的社会文化特点而有所不同,但是女性贫困化仍是一个普遍性的社会现象。生活和工作空间分离了物质空间,更重要的是割裂了社会关系,由此引发了农村妇女贫困化问题。因此,两个空间的合一也就成为缓解女性贫困问题的扶贫方案。扶贫车间和乡村旅游等产业扶贫措施的性别扶贫效益正是基于这一原理,呈现明显的扶贫性别敏感性。但同时,由于性别不平等的结构性因素的制约,即便是性别敏感的措施也依然存在扶贫效益的外溢。针对妇女的扶贫不仅需要关注妇女本身,而且需要关注社会性别关系的整体,否则,针对妇女的扶贫效益可能很有局限性,甚至还会出现流失。

In the economic and social transformations,gender disparities and inequalities are prominently manifesting in the poverty dimension.The theory of impoverishment of women is a systematic study of such issue.Although the extent to which the impoverishment of women differs out of various social-cultural features,it is still a universal social phenomenon.The divide of living and working spaces not only separates physical space but also,and above all,isolates social relations,which leads to the poverty of rural women.The unification of the two spaces,therefore,becomes a solution to poverty alleviation of women.The gender-sensitive poverty alleviation measures in industries such as poverty alleviation workshops and rural tourism are echoing this principle,rendering features of gender sensitivity.At the same time,however,due to the structural constraints of gender inequality,gender-sensitive measures still suffer from impact spillover of poverty alleviation.Those measures need to focus not only on women but also have to pay careful attention to gender relations as a whole.Otherwise,women targeted poverty alleviation measures may face a dilemma of merely creating limited impact or even causing loss of overall benefit.