《未成年人保护法》的国际法评析:以《儿童权利公约》为视角

An International Law Review of the PRC Law on the Protection of Minors:A Perspective of the Convention on the Rights of the Child

新修订的《未成年人保护法》既是对过去我国未成年人保护工作经验的升华和对实践中新问题的回应,也是对我国签订的各项与儿童相关的国际公约规定的落实,是我国履行缔约国义务的具体措施。从《儿童权利公约》等国际法的视角来看,一方面,相比现行《未成年人保护法》,新修订的《未成年人保护法》突出了儿童的权利主体地位,贯彻了公约规定的四项基本原则,强化政府在儿童保护工作中的主体地位,对父母等监护人职责的履行提出了更细化的规则,更加强化了我国的未成年人保护体系,并且结合我国的实践,将公约规定进一步深化;另一方面,公约中的某些规定尚未在修订后的法律中得到充分体现,有待进一步完善。修订后的《未成年人保护法》在生效后的执行和落实中,应以《儿童权利公约》的要求为指导,结合我国具体实践,逐步将公约规定转化为国内立法,实现公约与国内法的有效对接。

The newly revised Law on the Protection of Minors is not only a sublimation of past experience in the protection of minors and a response to newly emerged problems in practice,but the implementation of the provisions of international conventions related to the rights of the child ratified by China,constituting a concrete measure to fulfill the obligations of signatory country.Observing from the perspective of the Convention on the Rights of the Child(the CRC)and other international laws,compared with the current Law on the Protection of Minors,the newly revised Law on the Protection of Minors highlights children as right holders,incorporates in itself the four basic principles required by the Convention,strengthens the government’s obligations in safeguarding the rights of the child,and provides more detailed rules for parents and other guardians to fulfill their duties,further strengthening China’s Child Protection System.Moreover,based on the practice in China,the Law also takes some steps further in the implementation of the CRC.Nevertheless,some of the provisions of the Convention have not yet been fully reflected in the revised law and need to be further improved in practice.In the implementation of the revised Law on the Protection of Minors after its entry into force,the requirements of the Convention should be used as a guide,while taking into account China’s specific practices,and the provisions of the Convention should be gradually incorporated into domestic legislations,so as to realize the effective connection between the Convention and domestic legislations.