NICU中早产儿宫外发育迟缓的影响因素及护理对策

Influencing Factors and Nursing Strategies for Extrauterine Growth Retardation in Preterm Infants in NICU

目的:探讨新生儿重症监护室(NICU)中早产儿宫外发育迟缓的影响因素及护理对策。方法:回顾性分析2018年2月-2019年2月入住河南省人民医院NICU的92例早产儿的临床资料,根据宫外发育情况分为发育迟缓组(42例)与非发育迟缓组(50例),分析NICU中早产儿宫外发育迟缓的影响因素,探讨其护理对策。结果:两组性别、多胎、剖宫产、母亲并发症/合并症、住院时间、喂养方式、支气管肺发育不良、新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎、消化道出血占比比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);发育迟缓组宫内生长发育迟缓、低出生体重、达完全肠内营养时间(≥15d)占比高于非发育迟缓组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Logistic回归分析显示,宫内生长发育迟缓、低出生体重、达完全肠内营养时间(≥15d)为影响NICU中早产儿宫外发育迟缓的相关因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论:宫内生长发育迟缓、低出生体重、达完全肠内营养时间(≥15d)为NICU中早产儿宫外发育迟缓的影响因素,临床应积极采取高危因素防治等护理措施。

Objective:To explore the influencing factors and nursing strategies for extrauterine growth retardation in preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).Methods:The clinical data of 92 premature babies who were admitted to NICU in the hospital from February,2018 to February,2019 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into stunting group(42 cases)and non-stunting group(50 cases)according to ectopic development.The influencing factors of extrauterine growth retardation in preterm infants in NICU and explore their nursing countermeasures.Results:There were no significant differences in gender,multiple births,cesarean section,maternal complications/complications,length of hospital stay,feeding style,bronchopulmonary dysplasia,neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and gastrointestinal bleeding(P>0.05).The proportion of intrauterine growth retardation,low birth weight and time to complete enteral nutrition(≥15 d)in the stunting group was higher than that in the non-stunting group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Regression analysis showed that intrauterine growth retardation,low birth weight,and time to complete enteral nutrition(≥15 d)were related factors affecting extrauterine growth retardation in preterm infants in the NICU(OR>1,P<0.05).Conclusion:Intrauterine growth retardation,low birth weight,and time to complete enteral nutrition(≥15 d)are the influencing factors for ex trauterine growth retardation in preterm infants in the NICU.Nursing measures such as prevention and treatment of high risk factors should be actively adopted in clinical practice.