学术职业中的“高毕低就”与高校教师的职业发展

The Flow of China's College Teachers between Graduated Universities and In-service Universities

在学术职业聘任中,并不是所有好学校的毕业生都能留在好学校工作,有的教师流动到了比求学院校稍差的院校工作,呈现出“高毕低就”现象。利用全国28所公立高校2744位专任教师的调查数据,使用倾向性得分匹配的方法,实证分析了我国学术职业中的“高毕低就”对教师学术职业发展的影响。结果显示,高校教师从毕业到就业的过程中,院校层次、学科等级的“高毕低就”率分别为51.3%和63.9%。这种“高毕低就”进一步影响到了高校教师学术职业的发展。相比之下,“高毕低就”教师的科研生产显著更少,但职称晋升速度无明显差异。教师就职院校的层次对学术职业发展的直接影响较弱。只有教师进入“985工程”院校和A++级学科时,就职院校才能促进其科研生产,增加职业收入,加速职称晋升。

On the basis of relevant theories and existing research,this paper makes use of the data of sample survey on 2744 full-time teachers in 28 public universities in China collected by the research paper"Research on the Development of Academic Profession of Teachers in Public and Private Universities"to analyze the flow of China's college teachers between graduated universities and in-service universities.The results show that compared with other teachers,those who graduated from high-level universities but teach in lower-level universities are significantly less involved in output of scientific research,but there is no prominent difference in the speed of promotion of professional titles.