《著作权法》中作品类型兜底条款的适用机理

On the Application Mechanism of Miscellaneous Provisions Concerning the Types of Works in the Copyright Law

在具备独创性的前提下,以体育赛事节目、游戏直播画面等为代表的新类型表达以何种作品类型之名获得保护,是目前困扰我国著作权保护司法实践的难题之一。在第三次修改的《著作权法》正式施行前,法院可将现行《著作权法》及《著作权法实施条例》视为整体,依据目的解释、体系解释等方式,以《著作权法》第3条第9项"其他作品"之名,保护符合《著作权法实施条例》第2条所列构成要件的各种新类型表达,克服立法者与司法者有限理性之不足。在第三次修改的《著作权法》正式施行后,法院可将修改后的《著作权法》第3条中的作品定义条款与该条第9项结合使用,为新类型表达提供兜底保护。《著作权法》第二章第二节"著作权归属"中出现的汇编作品、演绎作品、合作作品、委托作品和职务作品,都只能用于解决权利归属及其行使问题,并非《著作权法》第3条意义上的作品类型,无法以此类作品之名获得救济。

It is a thorny issue for Chinese judicial practitioners to decide under which type of works that new expressions, such as sports events and game live pictures, should be given copyright protection, even if they have originality. Before June 1, 2021, the court can treat the Copyright Law and the Implementation Regulations of the Copyright Law as a whole, and give copyright protection to all kinds of new expression that meet the constitutive requirements of article 2 of the Implementation Regulations in the name of "other works" in item 9, article 3 of the Copyright Law, based on teleological interpretation and systematic interpretation;thus overcome the limited rationality as inherent to legislators and judicial persons. After June 1, 2021, the court can combine the definition clause of works and the stipulations in item 9 of article 3 to give miscellaneous protection to new types of expression. The compilation works, deductive works, joint works;commissioned works, and employee works as stipulated in section 2, chapter 2 of the Copyright Law can only be used to solve the problem of ownership and exercise of rights. They are not the type of works in the sense of article 3 of the Copyright Law and cannot be remedied in the name of such works.