跨境实施专利的侵权认定:以德国法为视角

On Determination of Infringement Concerning Cross-Border Patent Enforcement:From the Perspective of German Law

受到经济全球化和新技术的影响,专利实施行为出现了跨境特点,德国司法实践也在一定程度上突破了专利地域性原则。就专利产品多个部件分散在不同国家使用,专利方法多个步骤在多个国家间跨境实施,乃至故意将尚不完整的专利产品运到境外再组装,德国法院在个案中以行为结果及本国市场为导向,适用专利直接侵权的规则。针对跨境或境外提供专利产品部件的行为,或者在境外积极引诱境内侵权行为的,德国法也立足于与国内的关联性以专利间接侵权加以规制。德国对专利法地域性的突破,与美国不尽相同,具有欧盟自己的特色。我国目前仅有零星的司法实践,相应规则尚未确立,应未雨绸缪以应对产业和实践的需要。

Affected by economic globalization and new technologies, cross-border utilization of patent become popular. German judicial practice actively response to this trend by breaking through the principle of patent territoriality to a certain extent. Regarding the use of multiple components of patented products in different countries, the implementation of multiple steps of the patented method across multiple countries, and even shipping abroad the incomplete patented product for reassembly, the German courts actively apply the rules of direct patent infringement to those affecting domestic market. For acts of providing components of patented product cross-border or overseas, or soliciting domestic infringements abroad, indirect patent infringement can also be applied to them whenever there is a domestic relevance. Germany’s approach has its own European characteristics and is in some way different from that of the United States. China currently has only sporadic judicial practice, and corresponding rules have not yet been established. Precautions, therefore, shall be taken to meet the needs of industry and judicial practice.