戴思恭《推求师意·小儿门》述评

Narrative and Comments on the Pediatric Section of DAI Sigong’s TuiQiu Shi Yi

本文采用中医文献学方法,对《推求师意·小儿门》的主要内容及其特点进行总结分析。该书《小儿门》先述根据小儿脉象、指纹颜色、皮肤温度判断所主病证的方法;其次,分别论述蛔虫、丹瘤、脱肛脱囊、木舌、解颅、夜啼、斑疹、惊、疳9种儿科病证的病因病机、治法或方药,其中对夜啼、斑疹、惊、疳4种病证的论述尤为详尽;最后,对变蒸学说及其异常情况的治疗提出了自己的观点。《推求师意·小儿门》在继承朱丹溪学术思想和临床经验的基础上,引用《诸病源候论》《小儿药证直诀》等的学术观点,对小儿诊法、常见儿科病证的理法方药、变蒸理论进行了归纳和完善,使丹溪学派的儿科学术思想和临床经验得到了升华。

Using the Philology method of traditional Chinese medicine,this paper summarizes and analyzes the main contents and characteristics of TuiQiu ShiYi,and comments.The pediatrics section of the book first describes the method of judging the main disease syndromes in children’s pulse,fingerprint color,and skin temperature;secondly,the etiology,pathogenesis and treatment or prescription of nine kinds of pediatric diseases such as roundworms,children’s skin infections or ascariasis,hemangiomas,anal prolapse,hernia,swelling of the tongue,hydrocephalus,night crying,rash,convulsions and malnutrition were discussed.Among them,the discussion on the four diseases of night crying,rash,convulsions and malnutrition is particularly detailed;finally,the author puts forward his own views on the treatment of children’s growth and development laws and their abnormal conditions.On the basis of inheriting ZHU Danxi’s academic thoughts and clinical experience,the pediatrics section of TuiQiu ShiYi quoted academic views such as Zhubing Yuanhou Lun and Xiao’er Yaozheng Zhi Jue.The methods of diagnosis of pediatric diseases,pathology,treatment of common pediatric diseases,prescriptions,and the theory of children’s growth and development were summarized and improved,and the academic thinking and clinical experience of pediatrics in Danxi School were sublimated.