高压脉冲等离子体碎岩的实验研究

Experimental Study on Crushing Rock Using High Voltage Pulse Power Technology

在传统施工过程中对岩石的破碎一般使用炸药或机械胀裂的方式,但炸药使用的不可控性和危险性,使其在工程中的使用频率逐渐降低,机械结构设备存在碎岩过程效率低,机械结构易磨损等缺点,电爆等离子脉冲碎岩的原理是高压强电场通过液体时会在液体电介质中产生等离子体通道,通道中的液体迅速汽化、膨胀,迅速膨胀的气腔在水介质中产生强大的冲击波,随着放电电流和放电时间的不同,冲击波以冲量或者冲击压力的方式作用于周围介质,可实现诸多工程应用。本文采用高压脉冲电源,放电效果仿真雷击过程10/350波形,具有较好的瞬间冲击能量。高压脉冲电源的最高放电电压为40 k V,在岩石预钻孔中充满液体电介质,将电极置于其中并采用电爆丝引弧,在高压放电过程中释放高能等离子体,液体电介质产生的冲击力能够破碎岩石。本文采用室内实验的方法对混凝土、花岗岩、玄武岩进行了成功爆破,验证了高压电爆等离子体脉冲碎岩技术的可行性。

In the traditional construction process,the rock is broken by the method of explosive or mechanical expansion.However,the uncontrollable and dangerous use of the explosive makes the frequency of use in the project gradually decrease,and the mechanical structure equipment has low efficiency in the process of crushing rock.The mechanical structure is easy to wear and other shortcomings.The principle of electric blast plasma pulse breaking rock is that the high voltage strong electric field passes through the liquid,which will generate a plasma channel in the liquid dielectric.The liquid in the channel rapidly vaporizes and expands,and the rapidly expanding air cavity is in the water medium,which produces a powerful shock wave.With the difference of discharge current and discharge time,the shock wave acts on the surrounding medium in the form of impulse or impact pressure,which can realize many engineering applications.In this paper,the high-voltage pulse power supply was used,and the discharge effect simulated the 10/350 waveform of the lightning strike process,which had better instantaneous impact energy.The highest discharge voltage of the high-voltage pulse power supply was 40 KV,which was filled with liquid dielectric in the pre-drilled rock.The electrode was placed in it and the electric arc was used to trigger the arc.During the highvoltage discharge process,the high-energy plasma was released,and the impact force generated by the liquid dielectric can be broken rock.In this paper,the indoor experiments were used to successfully blast concrete,granite and basalt,and the feasibility of high-voltage electric blast plasma pulse crushing technology was verified.