急性应激障碍小鼠行为学变化及其对临床护理干预的意义

Behavioral changes of mice with acute stress disorder and its significance for clinical nursing intervention

目的探讨急性应激障碍(ASD)小鼠行为学变化特点,为创伤后心理应激的临床护理干预提供参考。方法将96只小鼠按随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,每组48只。实验组以足底电击法建立ASD模型,对照组不接受电击。电击后即刻,6,12,24,48,72 h和7,21 d进行旷场行为测试和高架十字迷宫行为测试,评价两组小鼠电击箱内跳跃次数、僵直时间、不动时间、旷场站立次数、旷场中央区域路程和活动时间、进入开臂次数、闭臂停留时间。结果电击后各时相点,实验组跳跃次数、僵直时间及不动时间均较对照组显著增加(P<0.01)。电击后6,12,72 h,实验组站立次数为(4.0±1.3)次、(3.7±1.2)次、(6.0±1.3)次,对照组为(7.3±1.0)次、(7.7±1.0)次、(7.7±1.2)次(P<0.05);电击后0,6,12,72 h,实验组中央区域活动路程为(3.3+1.1)m、(3.9±1.1)m、(4.5±1.2)m、(5.0±0.9)m,对照组为(6.7±1.7)m、(6.9±1.2)m、(7.4±1.9)m、(6.8±1.4)m(P<0.05);电击后6,12,24,72 h和7,21 d,实验组中央区域活动时间为(39.7±10.1)s、(56.7±7.3)s、(59.5±13.2)s、(55.4±5.5)s、(63.4±7.7)s、(77.4±5.7)s,对照组为(84.8±17.8)s、(90.0±15.8)s、(83.6±14.3)s、(87.1±12.3)s、(85.8±7.9)s、(87.5±8.3)s(P<0.05)。电击后6,12,72 h,实验组进入开臂次数为(11.3±1.8)次、(14.8±2.1)次、(15.0±1.4)次,对照组为(17.2±3.0)次、(17.8±2.1)次、(17.8±2.0)次(P<0.05);电击后6,12,48,72 h和7,21 d,实验组闭臂停留时间为(196.0±16.6)s、(184.9±13.9)s、(182.8±17.6)s、(184.6±14.0)s、(179.3±14.2)s、(177.9±13.6)s,对照组为(163.4±15.4)s、(161.0±14.5)s、(161.8±14.3)s、(162.1±15.8)s、(161.6±12.9)s、(161.9±14.8)s(P<0.05)。两组各指标其余时相点比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论创伤后ASD小鼠伤后6 h内开始出现探索能力下降、焦虑恐惧增加等行为变化,其中焦虑状态持续存在;伤后72 h存在高警觉性,易发生重复应激。提示针对ASD的临床护理宜注重创伤后早期、动态的心理评估和干预,重点关注焦虑等情绪障碍。

Objective To explore the characteristics of behavioral changes in mice with acute stress disorder(ASD),so as to provide references for clinical nursing intervention of post-traumatic psychological stress.Methods Ninety-six mice were divided into experimental group and control group according to the random number table,with 48 rats per group.The plantar shock was perfonned to establish the ASD model in experimental group,but not in control group.The open field behavior test and elevated cross maze behavior test were performed immediately and at 6 hours,12 hours,24 hours,48 hours,72 hours,7 days,21 clays after shock.The jumping times,rigidity time and immobility time in the shock box were recorded.The standing times in the open field,activity time and distance in the central area,times of entering open arm and time in closed arms were evaluated.Results The j urn pi ng times,rigidity time and immobility time in experimental group were significantly increased at each time point(P<0.01).At 6,12,72 hours after shock,the standing times in experimental group was respective(4.0±1.3)times,(3.7±1.2)times,(6.0±1.3)times,and those in control group was respective(7.3±1.0)times,(7.7±1.0)times,(7.7±1.2)times(P<0.05).At 0,6,12,72 hours after shock,the activity distance within the central area in experimental group was respective(3.3±1.1)metres,(3.9±1.1)metres,(4.5±1.2)metres,(5.0±0.9)metres,and those in control group was respective(6.7±1.7)metres,(6.9±1.2)metres,(7.4±1.9)metres,(6.8±1.4)metres(P<0.05).At 6,12,24,72 hours and 7,21 days after shock,the activity time within the central area in experimental group was respective(39.7±10.1)seconds,(56.7±7.3)seconds,(59.5±13.2)seconds,(55.4±5.5)seconds,(63.4±7.7)seconds,(77.4±5.7)seconds,and those in control group was respective(84.8±17.8)seconds,(90.0±15.8)seconds,(83.6±14.3)seconds,(87.1±12.3)seconds,(85.8±7.9)seconds,(87.5±8.3)seconds(P<0.05).At 6,12,72 hours after shock,the times of entering the open arm in experimental group was respective(11.3±1.8)times,(14.8±2.1)times,(15.0±1.4)times,and those in control group was respective(17.2±3.0)times,(17.8±2.1)times,(17.8±2.0)times(P<0.05).At 6,12,48,72 hours and 7,21 days after shock,the time in closed arms in experimental group was respective(196.0±16.6)seconds,(184.9±13.9)seconds,(182.8±17.6)seconds,(184.6±14.0)seconds,(179.3±14.2)seconds,(177.9±13.6)seconds,and those in control group was respective(163.4±15.4)seconds,(161.0±14.5)seconds,(161.8±14.3)seconds,(162.1±15.8)seconds,(161.6±12.9)seconds,(161.9±14.8)seconds(P<0.05).Those indicators showed no significant difference between the two groups at other time points(P>0.05).Conclusions The ASD mice present behavioral changes such as decreased exploratory ability and increased anxiety and fear within 6 hours after trauma and the state of anxiety is persistent.At 72 hours after trauma,the mice may maintain a high level of alertness and is prone to repeated stress.It is suggested that the clinical nursing for ASD should focus on the early and dyncHnic psychological assessment and intervention after trauma,and pay attention to anxiety and other emotional disorders.