社会创业研究回顾与展望

Social Entrepreneurial Research:A Review and Prospects

在复杂多变的环境下,社会创业日益成为解决社会问题和推动社会变革的重要力量,悄然成为管理学领域的新兴议题。本文在对社会创业相关文献进行系统梳理的基础上,从概念内涵、方法与技术、理论视角三个方面进行文献述评,研究发现:(1)研究视角和理论主要涉及计划行为理论、创业意向形成模型、Hockers修正模型、社会资本理论、社会网络理论、高层梯队理论、资源拼凑理论、制度理论、制度逻辑理论、组织身份理论、组织形式视角、事件系统理论、绩效测量模型等,并基于目标框架理论构建社会创业研究理论整合分析框架。(2)在研究情境方面,中国的研究多采用西方理论模型与视角,中西方在制度情境、文化情境和经济情境等方面存在差异。(3)从研究内容看,研究议题主要聚焦于社会创业前置驱动因素和社会创业的形成及管理,缺乏对创业结果的理论探讨。(4)在研究方法方面,质性方法居多,量化方法较为缺乏。在对社会创业主要相关成果进行梳理和总结的基础上,提出未来中国社会创业研究应:强化社会创业的情境化研究;推动社会创业绩效评价指标体系制定;加强社会创业学科交叉融合发展和方法论研究;提升社会创业动态化适应与管理对策研究。

Social entrepreneurship is an entrepreneurial way to achieve the mission of creating social value by market-based means,which is an important emerging topic and has received much attention in recent years.As a social change catalyst,social entrepreneurship is related to major practical issues such as alleviating poverty,making up for market failures,promoting inclusive development of enterprises,and helping rural revitalization.To effectively respond to significant practical needs and promote new theoretical development in academic research,it is necessary to review the literature systematically.This study considers Social entrepreneurship research achievement from three perspectives,including connotation,theoretical perspective,methodology and technology.Firstly,defining the concept of social entrepreneurship is the primary content of the study,and it is also an important basis for promoting social entrepreneurship-related research.This study sorted out the concept connotation of social entrepreneurship from different perspectives and focused on its three crucial attributes:social orientation,innovation,and market orientation.Further,this study describes the conceptual connotation of social enterprises and social entrepreneurs.As a multi-dimensional concept,social entrepreneurship has both financial profitability and social welfare.It uses commercial methods to integrate internal and external resources in an innovative way to solve some social problems and realize multiple values such as social and economic values.Secondly,we review and compare research methods related to social entrepreneurship research.Qualitative research methods occupy the leading position in social entrepreneurship research,and quantitative research has also been widely used.The combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods is the trend of future research development.Thirdly,to design a more comprehensive theoretical framework of social entrepreneurial behavior,the current study reviews the existing theoretical perspectives and their practical applications from three aspects,including the antecedents of social entrepreneurship,the process of social entrepreneurship,and the results of social entrepreneurship.Therefore,this study sorted out relevant theories in the field of social entrepreneurship,including,Theory of planned behavior,entrepreneurial intention formation model,Hocker modified model,team heterogeneity perspective,institutional logic theory,organizational form theory,organizational identity theory,resource patchwork theory,social capital theory,social network theory,and performance measuring models.Fourthly,the study indicates that Chinese research mostly adopts Western theoretical models and perspectives but failed to consider the cultural applicability in the context of Chinese localization.Therefore,the current study proposes a theoretical framework based on goal-framing theory and suggests the expansion of the research direction.Further,the study indicates that there is a lack of theoretical discussion on the results of entrepreneurship and current research focuses on the pre-driving factors of social entrepreneurship and the formation and management of social entrepreneurship.Finally,the current study combines and summarizes social entrepreneurship achievements and proposes to strengthen the contextualized research of social entrepreneurship,promote the formulation of a performance evaluation index system for social entrepreneurship,strengthen the interdisciplinary development and methodology research of social entrepreneurship,and need research on improving the dynamic adaptation and management of social entrepreneurship.