《走向优质——中国幼儿园教育质量评价标准》的测量学属性分析——基于我国100所幼儿园与1670名儿童的测评数据

Psychometric Property Analysis on“The Path Towards Excellence—Chinese Kindergarten Education Quality Rating Standards(PTE-CKEQRS)”Based on the Data about 100 Kindergartens and 1670 Preschoolers in China

幼儿园教育质量评价标准的编制具有重要的理论与实践意义。中国学前教育研究会组建了一个包含了来自国内6所高校的专家的跨学科研究团队,遵循严谨的测量学研制程序,经过两年扎实的研究,编制了《走向优质——中国幼儿园教育质量评价标准》(简称《优质标准》)。为验证该标准的有效性,课题组采用分层抽样的方法,在位于我国不同区域的5个省区抽取了不同性质与等级的城乡幼儿园共计100所,采用《优质标准》进行质量评价,同时从300个样本班级中随机抽取了1670名儿童(男女各半),对其语言、数学认知、情感社会性发展水平进行测评。基于幼儿园教育质量和儿童发展水平测评数据,课题组对《优质标准》进行了信效度分析。结果显示,《优质标准》总体及其各领域内部一致性均达到较高水平;绝大部分项目具有良好的区分度;《优质标准》具有良好的结构效度,包含两个潜在的质量因子,分别是课程教学与学习环境、管理支持与师资保障;幼儿园教育质量评价结果与儿童发展水平测评结果总体上呈显著相关,不同质量领域与儿童不同发展领域之间的相关性存在一定差异。综合以上证据表明,《优质标准》是适用于我国幼儿园教育情境的有效评估工具,其评价结果是可靠、可信的。

The development of kindergarten education quality rating scale has significant impacts on the theory and practice of early childhood education.China National Society of Early Childhood Education(CNSECE)organized an interdisciplinary research team whose members come from six domestic universities to develop“The Path Towards Excellence—Chinese Kindergarten Education Quality Rating Standards”(short for PTE-CKEQRS in the following)in two years.In order to verify the validity of the PTE-CKEQRS,the research team adopted a stratified sampling method and the quality data was collected on a total of 100 kindergartens from five provinces in different regions of China.Meanwhile,1670 children(half boys and half girls)from the 300 sample classes were randomly selected to participate in tests on their language,mathematical cognition and social-emotional development.Based on these data,the reliability and validity of the PTE-CKEQRS were analyzed.The results indicated good internal consistency reliability for the whole PTE-CKEQRS and its five subscales,and good discrimination for most of the 28 items.Furthermore,results of exploratory factor analysis(EFA)suggested that the PTE-CKEQRS has good structural validity,including two potential quality factors,namely,“Curriculum,Teaching and Learning Environment”and“Management Support and Teacher Force”.As to the criterion-related validity,results showed that the kindergarten quality scores of the PTE-CKEQRS were significantly correlated with children’s language,mathematical cognition and social-emotional developmental outcomes.In addition,different correlation models were found among different quality areas and children’s developmental domains.Based on the above evidence,the PTE-CKEQRS may serve as a reliable and valid kindergarten quality evaluation instrument in Chinese ECE context.