日粮蛋白质和脂质水平对鲶鱼生长性能和体成分的影响

Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth performance and body composition in catfish

文章旨在研究日粮蛋白质和脂肪水平对鲶鱼生长性能和体成分的影响。采用3×2因子试验设计,共6种日粮。日粮蛋白水平为20%、30%和40%,脂肪水平为8%和16%。选择初始平均体重为7.6 g的鲶鱼1440条,每组4个重复,每个重复60条,分别饲喂上述6种日粮70 d。结果:鲶鱼末重随日粮蛋白质和脂肪水平的升高而显著升高,在40%蛋白质和16%脂肪日粮组中表现最高(P<0.05)。随着日粮蛋白水平的升高,蛋白质效率表现为显著降低(P<0.05),日粮蛋白质和脂肪水平对鲶鱼末重、蛋白效率和日采食量的影响具有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。在同一蛋白质水平条件下,8%较16%日粮脂肪组显著提高了机体水分含量(P<0.05),但有降低机体脂肪含量的趋势(P=0.06)。8%较16%脂肪组显著提高了机体C14:0、C16:1n-7、C20:2n-6、C20:5n-3、C22:6n-3、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸、n-3高不饱和脂肪酸含量(P<0.05),但8%脂肪组C18:2n-6和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著低于16%脂肪组(P<0.05)。结论:鲶鱼最大生长所需的日粮蛋白质水平可能高于40%,而日粮脂肪水平从8%提高到16%可以促进鲶鱼的生长和饲料利用。

The experiment was designed to investigate the effects of dietary protein and fat levels on the growth performance and body composition of catfish.The experiment was designed with a 3×2 factor,with a total of 6 diets.Dietary protein levels were 20%,30%and 40%,and fat levels were 8%and 16%.A total of 1440 catfish with an initial mean weight of 7.6g were selected and fed to the six diets for 70 d with 4 replicates in each group and 60 replicates in each group.Results:the final weight of catfish increased significantly with the increase of protein and fat levels in the diet,which was the highest in the 40%protein and 16%fat diets(P<0.05).With the increase of dietary protein level,protein efficiency was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and dietary protein and fat levels had significant interaction effects on catfish’s final weight,protein efficiency and daily feed intake(P<0.05).At the same protein level,the 8%diet fat group significantly increased the body moisture content compared with the 16%diet fat group(P<0.05),but showed a tendency to decrease the body fat content(P=0.06).Compared with the 16%fat group,8%significantly increased the contents of C14:0,C16:1n-7,C20:2n-6,C20:5n-3,C22:6n-3,n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-3 high unsaturated fatty acids(P<0.05),but the contents of C18:2n-6 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the 8%fat group were significantly lower than those in the 16%fat group(P<0.05).Conclusions:dietary protein levels may be higher than 40%for maximum catfish growth,while dietary fat levels may increase from 8%to 16%to promote catfish growth and feed utilization.