权力逻辑·多元存在·帝国主义——论政治马克思主义对资本主义政治形式的分析

Logic of Power,Pluralistic Existence,Imperialism:On Political Marxism’s Analysis of the Political Form of Capitalism

如何理解民族国家与帝国主义的关系,直接影响着理解世界历史的“合理形态”。以“政治—经济”范畴为分析框架,政治马克思主义首先确定了资本主义的本质在于经济领域从政治领域中分离,且二者共同服务于资本剥削与操控的目的。在其知识语境中,通过“政治—经济”范畴的出场论证,凸显了“权力”作为历史分析中介的关键地位,以及国家主权多元化所带来的国家间竞争对资本帝国主义的重要影响,该论证是对资本逻辑普遍性理论的回应。这在一定程度上推动了政治维度与经济维度的内在关系研究,并将市场逻辑与国家干预这对矛盾置于全球化议题的突出位置。但是,政治马克思主义采用权力逻辑分析资本主义政治形式,得出民族国家是国际体系唯一单位的结论,不仅掩盖了权力斗争的原因,而且违背了客观事实,忽视了国际组织的积极作用。因此,只有从政治马克思主义理论根源出发批判其对资本主义政治形式的分析,才能够发现根本缺陷。

How to understand the relationship between the nation-state and imperialism directly affects the understanding of the“reasonable form”of world history.Taking the category of“politics-economy”as the analytical framework,Political Marxism first determined that the essence of capitalism lies in the separation of the economic field from the political field,and both serve the purpose of capital exploitation and manipulation.In its knowledge context,through the demonstration of“politics-economy”category,it highlights the key position of“power”as the intermediary of historical analysis,and the important influence of the competition between countries brought by the diversification of national sovereignty on capital imperialism.This argument is a response to the universality theory of capital logic.To a certain extent,this has promoted the study of the internal relationship between the political dimension and the economic dimension,and placed the contradiction between market logic and state intervention in a prominent position on the issue of globalization.However,Political Marxism uses the logic of power to analyze the political forms of capitalism and concludes that the nation-state is the only unit of the international system.It not only conceals the reasons for the power struggle,but also violates objective facts and ignores the positive role of international organizations.Therefore,only by criticizing its analysis of the political form of capitalism from the theoretical roots of Political Marxism can the fundamental flaw be discovered.