“差异”、“调和”与“崇今”:李大钊马克思主义文学批评论

Difference, Reconciliation and Current Works Adoration: Critique of LI Dazhao’s Conception of Marxist Literary Criticism

从马克思主义理论出发,李大钊将文学视为社会整体系统的有机组成部分,以东西方文明“差异”论、“美在调和”论为思想基础,提出文学“先声”论、“崇今”论和“心理表现”论,三者构成其相对完整的文学批评形态。其中处于核心地位的是“崇今”论,它与李大钊“平民主义”思想密切相关,表明他对文学社会功能的高度重视。文学在揭露现实黑暗、同情底层民众、感化与涵育民族特性之中,预示社会进化的规律,显示社会革命的趋势。也因此,写实和理想构成李大钊马克思主义文学批评实践的两翼。

Taking Marxist theory as a starting point, Li Dazhao consciously regards literature as an organic component of the whole social system. Based on the “difference” theory between eastern and western civilization, and the “beauty through reconciliation” theory, he proposes “literature as harbinger” theory, “current works adoration” theory, and “psychological performance” theory. All of these three constitute his integrated literary criticism form. “Current works adoration” theory lies in the core, and is closely associated with his ideology of “populism”, indicating that he highly stresses the social function of literature. Moreover, Literature will indicate the rule of social development and the tendency of social revolution with its exposure of the dark side of the reality, its sympathy for unprivileged populace and its influence on ethnic characteristics. Therefore, realism and idealism are the two wings of Li Dazhao’s practice of Marxist Literary Criticism.