两汉之际的外戚政治与赋学转捩

The Politics of Imperial Relatives and the Changes of Fu Xue between the Western Han and the Eastern Han Dynasty

外戚与赋家在大汉帝国政治体制中占据不同位置,赋家代行王言试图襄赞王治,外戚代行王政却遮蔽王权。这种矛盾使赋家生存空间被压缩,流离失所,怨愤愁苦,进而促成两汉之际辞赋的一系列转变:体式由铺张大赋向骚体小赋复归,内容由郊祀田猎变为野外征行,主旨由讽颂并重转向颂扬为主。两汉之际外戚政治对赋学的影响,以赋家个人遭际为媒介,以理性反思为终结。赋家通过不断追问天命与美政,淡化了外戚政治留下的伤痕,在对东汉礼制社会的建构中,重拾对皇权的信心,实现了精神自赎。

Imperial relatives and Fu Jia occupied different positions in the political system of the Han Dynasty.Fu Jia spoke for kings and tried to praise kingdom politics,while imperial relatives exercised power in place of kings,which resulted in obscuring the royal power.This contradiction made Fu Jia’s living space compressed and thus Fu Jia was displaced,resented and distressed,which further contributed to a series of changes in Ci Fu between the Western Han and the Eastern Han Dynasty.The style of Fu had returned from extravagant Da Fu to Sao Ti Xiao Fu,while the content of Fu had changed from ritual activities and royal hunt to Fu Jia’s field trip.Besides,The tendency of praise in Ci Fu was more obvious.During the Han Dynasty,the influence of the politics of imperial relatives on Fu Xue was based on the personal experience of Fu Jia and ended with rational reflection.By constantly asking destiny and ideal politics,Fu Jia gradually diluted the imprint left by imperial relatives,and in the construction of the Eastern Han ritual system society,they regained their confidence in the imperial power and realized spiritual redemption.