侗族鸡骨卜仪式考察与分析

Investigation and Analysis on the Chicken Bone Divination Ceremony of Dong Ethnic Group

黄岗开年祭萨仪式是百越民间"鸡骨占年"古俗的活化石。鸡骨占年是用古老的鸡骨卜预测流年吉凶,为新年祈福,其过程包括备祭、求签、释兆、祈福、饮福、应对等。鸡骨占卜操作手段呈现的可信度低、社会发展让民众科学观念迅速提升、村寨生活日渐富足,使占卜不再是求生手段,这是鸡骨卜在当代快速消失的主要原因。鸡骨占年习俗消失从侧面反映出改革开放后中国乡村社会经济和文化建设已取得了巨大成就。

The annual sacrifice ceremony in Huanggang of Liping County,Guizhou Province is a living fossil of Baiyue folk"chicken bone divination of the year".It uses the ancient divination to make prediction of and pray for the new year.The processes include preparing sacrifices,seeking signatures,releasing symbols,praying,drinking blessing and coping stages.The credibility of this activity is low.The rapid development of society improves people’s opinions rapidly and enriches their living standards,which is the main reason for the rapid disappearance of chicken bone divination in the contemporary era.The disappearance of this custom reflects that great achievements have been made in China’s rural socio-economic and cultural construction since the reform and opening up.