牟宗三“实有形态之形而上学”和“境界形态之形而上学”研究

On Mou Zongsan’s “Tangible Metaphysics” and “Visionary Metaphysics”

牟宗三判儒家和西方哲学为实有形态,因西方哲学之形而上学中分解地预设一实有性之实体为万物之本源,然其只是一构想或理念;中国儒家中之“天道”亦是形而上之实体,但儒家之天道与万物连在一起妙运万物从而创生万物,故吾人说儒家形而上学之形态为实践哲学系统下之实有形态的形而上学,此是儒家不同于西方哲学之处。而道家则没有预设一实体为本体创生万物,道家所言之“无”只是消极地否定万物之依待、造作而显出一冲虚之境界,他是第二序的、纯粹的作用,道家所呈现的形而上学虽属实践形态,但是吾人可说道家形而上学为实践哲学系统下之彻底的境界形态的形而上学,此是道家不同于儒家之处。

Mou Zongsan consider confucinism and western phylosopy tangible,for a metaphysical reality is presupposed as the ultimate source of universe in the way of analysis in the metaphysics of western philosophy.But the metaphysical reality is a kind of hypothesis or idea.“The way of heaven”of Chinese Confucianism is also a metaphysical reality,but it creates all things on the earth.Therefore,we name the metaphysics of Confucianism the“metaphysical reality under the practical system”.It is the difference between Western philosophy and Confucianism.On the contrary,Chinese Taoism presents a pure vision or state of mind in the line of decomposing the bundled and artificial universe in the attitude of negative.So,we name the metaphysics of Chinese Taoism the“metaphysics in the line of pure vision under the practical system”.It is the difference between Taoism and Confucianism.