22个燕麦品种在黄淮海地区的农艺性状与饲草品质综合评价

A multivariate evaluation of agronomic straits and forage quality of 22 oat varieties in the Huang-Huai-Hai area of China

为探明不同燕麦品种在黄淮海地区的生长表现及其对饲草产量和品质的影响,以22个燕麦品种为研究对象,连续两年开展农艺性状、干物质产量和养分含量观测,通过聚类分析和灰色关联度综合评价,筛选综合评价较高的适栽品种。结果显示,各品种间叶比重、穗比重和茎叶比变异较大,两年的变异系数均大于15%,茎比重、株高变异较小,其变异系数均低于10%,表明参试品种在黄淮海地区生长上的差异主要表现在叶和穗,茎和株高差异相对较小。对13个生长与养分指标进行聚类分析显示,22个参试品种可以分为4个类群,第Ⅰ类群为高RFV的优质组,第Ⅱ类群为低RFV的劣质组,第Ⅲ类群为植株高大组,第Ⅳ类群为叶量丰富的高蛋白组,各类群间饲草产量差异不显著(P>0.05),但植株各部分比重及CP、NDF、ADF、ADL和RFV差异显著(P<0.05)。相关分析显示,株高、叶比重和穗比重分别与干物质产量、饲草CP和RFV呈显著正相关(P<0.05),表明品种间主要因叶和穗比重的差异导致饲草品质的不同。灰色关联度分析结果显示,第Ⅰ类群的贝勒、领袖、林纳和第Ⅳ类群中的ESK、牧乐思和牧王综合评价得分较高,为黄淮海地区最佳选择品种。

This paper reports observations on the growth performance,forage yield and quality of 22 oat varieties planted in Huang-Huai-Hai area of China from 2018 to 2019,conducted to identify the most suitable oat varieties for this region.Multivariate evaluation was used to analyze the data gained from the experiment.It was found that the variation coefficients among the 22 oat varieties were more than 15%in the ratio of leaf/whole plant dry weight and spike/whole plant dry weight,and those were less than 10%in the ratio of stem/whole plant dry weight and plant height.Hence,the differences in growth pattern between varieties were mainly shown in the leaves and spikes.A cluster analysis of 13 growth and nutrient indexes was carried out,the results showed that 22 oat varieties could be clustered as four groups:The first group was the high quality group with high relative feed value(RFV),the second group was the poor quality group with low RFV,the third group was the high plant height group,and the fourth group was the high protein group with abundant leaves.The groups did not differ significantly in forage yield(P>0.05).However,there were significant differences in the proportion of plant parts and crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,acid detergent lignin and RFV(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that plant height,the ratio of leaf/whole plant dry weight and spike/whole plant dry weight were significantly positively correlated with hay yield,forage CP and RFV(P<0.05),which indicated that leaf and spike played an important role in oat forage quality.Using Grey correlation analysis,varieties Baylor,Souris,and Linna from group I,and ESK,Molasses and Haymaker from group IV had higher Equal-weighted correlation degree and Weighted correlation degree,and were identified as suitable for planting in the Huang-Huai-Hai area of China.