政策文本如何影响政策扩散——基于四种类型政策的比较研究

How Policy Text Affects Policy Diffusion:A Comparative Study Based on Four Types of Policies

政策文本是政策创新扩散影响因素研究长期忽视的一个话题。以政策文本内容为切入口,构建“政策势能—政策激励”分析框架,将政策分为四种类型,并运用四个案例尝试明晰不同政策文本内容形成的政策扩散速度、扩散路径、扩散机制以及扩散内容的差异。研究发现:强势能强激励类政策扩散速度最快,以政策创新为内容,通过强制、竞争与学习机制进行扩散;强势能弱激励类政策扩散速度次之,以强制、学习和模仿为主要扩散机制,政策往往会发生变异;强激励弱势能类政策扩散速度快,竞争与学习是其主要扩散机制,并以政策再生产为内容;弱势能弱激励类政策扩散速度慢,以学习和模仿为主要扩散机制,政策往往雷同。

Policy text is a topic that has long been neglected in the research on the factors affecting the diffusion of policy innovation.Taking the content of the policy text as the entry point,this paper constructs the analysis framework of“policy potential energy-policy incentives”,divides the policy into four types,and uses four cases to try to clarify the differences in policy diffusion speed,diffusion path,diffusion mechanism and diffusion content formed by different policy texts.The study shows that policies with strong potential energy and strong incentives diffuse the fastest,with policy innovation as the content through coercion,competition and learning.Policies with strong potential energy and weak incentives diffuse the second fastest,with coercion,learning and imitation as the main diffusion mechanism,and policies tend to mutate.Policies with strong incentives and weak potential energy also diffuse fast,with competition and learning as the main diffusion mechanism and policy reproduction as the content.Policies with weak potential energy and weak incentives diffuse slowly,with learning and imitation as the main diffusion mechanism,and policy content often being the same.