国有企业混合所有制改革与人力资本结构调整——基于高层次人才配置的视角

Mixed Ownership Reform and Human Capital Structure Adjustment in State-owned Enterprises from the Perspective of High-level Talents

高层次人才是微观企业乃至国民经济高质量发展的核心力量,如何有效改善国有企业的人力资本结构成为新时代全面深化国企改革的关键环节。本文研究混合所有制改革背景下非国有股东治理对国有企业人力资本结构的影响作用。研究发现,非国有股东参与国企高层治理可以显著改善员工激励机制和工作氛围,从而对国企人力资本结构产生积极的影响作用,具体表现为冗员水平降低和高层次人才规模上升,而单纯的股权制衡缺乏相应效果;进一步研究发现,这种治理作用在外部制度环境较差和地方控制的国有企业中更加明显;最后,人力资本结构调整后的国有企业创新水平和生产能力得到显著提升。本文表明,非国有股东参与国企高层治理对国有企业人力资本结构具有积极的影响效果,不仅支持了全面深化改革背景下决策高层为改善国企治理、促进国企高质量发展所进行的积极探索,而且对企业雇员流动和国有企业混合所有制改革的学术研究进行了有益补充。

High-level talents are the core force for the high-quality development of individual enterprises and even the national economy as a whole.Thus,effective improvement in the human capital structure of SOEs has become a key link to comprehensively deepen the SOE reform in the new era.This paper studies the effect of non-state shareholders'governance on the SOE human capital structure in the context of mixed ownership reform.It finds that the participation of non-state shareholders in the high-level governance of SOEs can significantly improve the employee incentive mechanism and working atmosphere,thus exerting positive influence on the human capital structure of SOEs,which is reflected in the reduction of redundant personnel and the increase of high-level talents,while equity balance alone fails to produce the desired effects.Moreover,this effect is more obvious in SOEs with poor external institutional environment and under local government control.Finally,the SOEs'innovation and production capacity has been significantly improved after the adjustment of human capital structure.This paper shows that the participation of non-state shareholders in high-level governance of SOEs has a positive effect on the human capital structure,which not only supports the active exploration of policy makers to improve SOE corporate governance and promote high-quality development while comprehensively continuing the reform,but also supplements the academic research on employee mobility and the SOE mixed ownership reform.