中间品贸易自由化与企业间工资差距

Input Trade Liberalization and Wage Gap Between Firms

本文以中国2001年加入WTO为准自然实验,采用双重差分法(DID),系统考察了中间品贸易自由化对制造业企业间工资差距的影响及其机制。研究发现:中间品贸易自由化显著缩小了企业间的工资差距,在考虑了双重差分法的识别假设条件、测算指标误差等一系列可能干扰估计结果的因素后,本文核心结论依旧稳健;从影响机制来看,经过理论分析、渠道检验以及对企业工资分解后的实证结果表明,中间品贸易自由化通过影响异质性企业间的资源再配置,进而由利润分享工资渠道对企业间工资差距的负向作用,大于通过技能组成工资渠道对企业间工资差距的正向影响,从而在总体上表现为企业间工资差距的缩小。本文的研究结论对中国如何更好地应对全球化带来的收入分配效应,进一步维护国内的收入分配公平具有较为重要的指导意义。

This paper takes China's entry into the WTO as a quasi-natural experiment and uses the difference in differences(DID)model to systematically investigate the impact of input trade liberalization on the wage gap between manufacturing enterprises and its working mechanism.The results are as below.(1)The substantial tariff reduction for intermediate inputs after China's accession to the WTO has significantly narrowed the wage gap between firms,which is robust to various estimations.(2)From the perspective of the impact mechanism,theoretical analysis,channel testing,and empirical results after the decomposition of corporate wages all show that the trade liberalization of intermediate inputs has a bigger negative effect on the wage gap between firms,through reallocation of resources among heterogeneous companies and then via the profit-sharing wage channel,than the positive impact on the wage gap between firms via the workforce composition channel,which is eventually reflected in the narrowing of the wage gap.The conclusions of this paper have important guiding significance for China to better cope with the income distribution effect brought by globalization and to maintain the fairness of domestic income distribution.