格式塔心理学对梅洛-庞蒂政治哲学的贡献

On the Contribution of Gestalt Psychology to Merleau-Ponty’s Political Philosophy

梅洛-庞蒂作为哲学家,对法国现象学有着突出的贡献。他作为政治评论员,立足《现代》杂志,对当时政治发表自己的真知灼见。而他作为心理学家,不仅对心理学的发展做出了突出的贡献,而且一生深受心理学的影响。其中格式塔心理学对他的影响尤为深远,不管是早期作品《行为的结构》《知觉现象学》,还是晚期作品《可见的与不可见的》,都可以见到格式塔心理学的影子。而中期作为政治介入家,格式塔心理学对其的影响也并未中断。作为政治哲学的理论来源之一,格式塔心理学对其政治研究的现象学方法、主客综合的哲学观指导下的政治取向以及政治第三条道路的选择都有重要影响。

As a philosopher,Merleau-Ponty has made outstanding contributions to French phenomenology.As a political commentator,based in the magazine of Modern,he published his own insights into politics at the time.The public probably only know him as a philosopher and political commentator,ignoring the fact that he not only made great contributions to the development of psychology,but also was deeply influenced by psychology throughout his life as a psychologist.Among them,Gestalt psychology has a particularly profound influence on him.We can see the shadow of Gestalt psychology both in his early work Structure de l’action and Phénoménologie de la Perception and in his later work le visible et l’invisible.As a political interventionist in the middle period,gestalt psychology still worked on him.Gestalt psychology,as one of the theoretical sources of political philosophy,has a significant influence on the phenomenological method of its political research,the political orientation under the guidance of the integrated philosophy of subject and object,namely,the political orientation based on the whole,and the choice of the third way of politics.