小尾寒羊绵羊痘病例的诊断

The Diagnosis of Sheep Pox Cases in the Small-tail Han Ewes

旨在对甘肃某羊场小尾寒羊疑似绵羊痘进行确诊,并深入探讨其病理变化特点。对临诊疑似患绵羊痘的小尾寒羊进行了羊痘间接ELISA抗体检测和PCR检测确诊,并对6只病羊进行病理剖检、病理组织学和超微结构研究。结果如下:羊痘间接ELISA抗体检测显示6例病羊样品均为阳性;同时,对2例病羊样品进行PCR检测,均扩增出绵羊痘病毒(SPV) 585 bp的目的基因片段,表明本次小尾寒羊所患疫病为绵羊痘。病理剖检显示,病羊皮肤无毛或少毛处充血,局部有红斑和坏死,尾部常有感染化脓形成溃疡;消化道黏膜,尤其舌和瘤胃黏膜有大小不等痘疹与坏死病灶,局部甚至形成糜烂或溃疡。肺膈叶以及肝、脾等常有痘疹和坏死病灶。病理组织学观察显示,肺痘疹病灶主要呈现渗出-增生结节和坏死-增生结节变化,病灶内血管、细支气管等周围常有大量绵羊痘细胞,胞质内有嗜酸性包涵体;病变消化道黏膜局部,上皮细胞程度不等增生、水泡变性,固有层及黏膜下层充血、水肿,有大量绵羊痘细胞,其细胞质内包涵体明显。肝、脾、肾也有程度不等坏死-增生结节变化。肺超微结构观察显示,肺泡上皮细胞肿大,细胞核浓缩、染色质聚集,线粒体程度不等肿胀、嵴断裂、空泡化,可见细胞质内包涵体。研究证明,除局部皮肤病变外,消化道黏膜和肺等实质器官的痘疹病变是患绵羊痘小尾寒羊具代表性的病理变化,尤其痘疹病灶中大量绵羊痘细胞的出现具有证病性意义。

This experiment was conducted to confirm the sheep pox of the Small-tail Han ewes and explore the characteristics of the pathological changes. Based on clinical diagnosis, the six sheep suspected of sheep pox were diagnosed by the indirect ELISA for detecting antibodies and PCR detection technology. The pathological changes were observed by microscopy, light microscope, and transmission electron microscope. The indirect ELISA showed that all the samples of 6 sick sheep were antibodies positive for Capripox. The PCR results showed that the special 585 bp target gene fragment of sheep pox virus (SPV) was amplified and the SPV was diagnosed as the pathogen of the sick sheep. The pathological changes of clinic and autopsy showed that the skins of sick sheep had hyperemia, papules, erythema, and necrosis in glabrous areas, and the suppuration and ulcer of the tails root were often observed. There were a large number of papules, pox lesions, necrosis, and ulcerations on the mucosa of the digestive tract, especially the mucosa of the tongue and rumen. At the same time, there were pox lesions and necrosis in the lungs, livers and spleen. The histopathological changes indicated that the exudation-proliferation nodules and necrosis-proliferation nodules were mainly changes of pox lesions in the lung, and there were a large number of sheep pox cells around the blood vessels and bronchioles, and the eosinophilic inclusions were often present in the cytoplasm of sheep pox cells. In the diseased mucosa of the digestive tract, the epithelial cells were varying degrees of proliferation and vacuolar degeneration, the lamina propria and submucosa were varying degrees of congestion and edema, and there were also many sheep pox cells and their eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions. There were also necrosis-proliferation nodules in livers, spleens and kidneys. The ultrastructural changes of lungs showed that the alveolar epithelial cells were swelling, nuclear concentration, chromatin aggregation, mitochondrial swelling, fractured cristae and cavitation, and there were cytoplasmic inclusions. Those results confirmed that the important pathological changes of the mucosa of the digestive tract and lung are also one of the representative changes in sheep pox. In particular, there were a large number of sheep pox cells in pox lesions, it has important pathological diagnostic significance.