黎巴嫩去极端化的理念、政策及实践

De-radicalization in Lebanon:Core Concepts,Policy and Practice

黎巴嫩安全形势长期受到国内冲突环境、暴力行为体跨境活动、域内外力量持续干预等内外因素的影响而呈现复杂性与矛盾性。利用叛乱运动、教派矛盾和难民问题来寻求发展空间、构建极端意识形态和壮大武装力量,是暴力极端主义同黎巴嫩国内政治和地区政治互动的典型表现。黎巴嫩政府通过顶层设计、国际合作、部委协调、社会动员等方式开展去极端化工作。黎巴嫩去极端化模式的特点表现为:推行预防为主、控制为辅的去极端化理念;重视吸收国际经验和开展国际合作;建立跨部门协调的去极端化工作机制;建立从国家到个人的多层次预防体系。黎政府主导的名为"地方预防网络"的城市去极端化以及名为"与生活和解"的监狱青少年去极端化实践,对中东地区冲突国家及其周边国家的去极端化工作,具有重要的借鉴意义。

The complexity and contradictoriness of Lebanon’s security stems from a series of influencing factors of long-term environment of conflicts,cross-border activities of violent actors,and continuous intervention by intra-regional and outside powers.The use of insurgent movements,sectarian conflicts and refugee issues to seek opportunities of development,builds extremist ideologies,and strengthen armed forces constitutes a typical mode for violent extremism’s interaction with Lebanon’s domestic politics and regional politics in the Middle East.The Lebanese government has carried out its de-radicalization project through top-level design,international cooperation,ministerial coordination,and social mobilization.The characteristics of Lebanon’s de-radicalization model include the implementation of the de-radicalization concept with prevention first and control supplemented,emphasizing the absorption of international experience through international cooperation,establishing a working mechanism of de-radicalization via cross-departmental coordination,and building a multilevel prevention system from the state to the individual.Lebanon’s government-led approaches,with participation of social forces,to de-radicalization of the’Local Prevention Networks’at municipal level and the’Reconciliation with Life’program for detainees of teenagers and young adults,is of great significance and reference value to countries in conflicts and their neighboring countries in the Middle East.