索马里的伊斯兰化与阿拉伯认同的历史起源

On Islamization of Somalia and the Historical Origin of Arabic Identity

伊斯兰教在索马里的传播伴随着"阿拉伯化"的进程,一定程度上塑造了索马里的民族认同。公元7世纪末,伊斯兰教通过阿拉伯移民传入索马里。在南部沿岸的摩加迪沙形成了阿拉伯化的城市国家,伊斯兰教借此向索马里内陆传播。相较而言,北部地区伊斯兰教传播缓慢,主要依靠当地传说中的一些阿拉伯圣徒传教,形成了位于亚丁湾沿岸的泽拉和柏培拉等索马里北部的宗教中心。公元14世纪,索马里沿岸城市基本完成了伊斯兰化,大量索马里本土成长起来的穆斯林学者成为传教的主力,并伴随着索马里苏非派的扩张向内陆部落民传播。这使苏非派和部落力量在社会结构和宗教信仰中深度融合。更重要的是,一些索马里人开始重新"发明"和"建构"自身的部落起源和谱系。他们将早期阿拉伯移民、苏非派的先祖或圣裔塑造成近代以来索马里阿拉伯认同的历史起源。就这样,阿拉伯起源说成为与非洲起源说相并立的认同观念,这对于索马里近代以来的民族认同和国家构建产生了深远的影响。

The spread of Islam in Somalia is accompanied by the process of"Arabization",which has shaped the national identity of Somalia to a certain extent.Islam was introduced to Somalia by Arab immigrants at the end of the 7 th century AD.Mogadishu,an Arabized city state,was formed,and Islam spread to the interior of Somalia.Zella and Berbera which located on the coast of the Gulf of Aden,are the center of Islam spread in the north.In contrast,Islam spreads slowly in the northern region,and it mainly relies on the mission of Arab saints in some legends.In the 14 th century AD,the coastal cities of Somalia basically completed Islamization,and a large number of Somali native ulemas grew up,and spread the Islam to the inland tribesmen along with the expansion of Sufism,which promoted the deep integration of Sufism and tribal society in the social structure and religious beliefs.More importantly,some Somalis began to reconstruct their own lineage and traced it back to the early Arab immigrants,the ancestors of Sufism,that is,Hashemite.This has become the origin of Somali Arab identity since modern times,which has a profound impact on Somalia.