村冈典嗣的日本思想史学理论方法与历史认识

Muraoka Tsunetsugu’s Japanese Intellectual Historical Theory and Historical Knowledge

村冈典嗣是近代"日本思想史"学科的创立者与重要先驱,在同时代史家中尤为重视思想史学学科理论与研究方法的建设。近年,伴随着日本学界反思近代学术的潮流、村冈遗稿的整理公开、相关西方理论著作的翻译引进,长期沉寂的村冈研究不断升温。村冈借鉴伯克文献学与新康德主义西南学派哲学,试图将新生的日本思想史学打造为一门近代科学。村冈深受近代德国人文学风,特别是浪漫主义、历史主义思潮的影响。在对前人理论的继承、扬弃乃至误用中,他形成了自身具有本质论、性格论特色的治史路径和历史认识方式。其思路与方法是20世纪乃至今日日本思想史学的重要源泉。

Muraoka Tsunetsugu(1884~1946)was the founder of the Japanese intellectual history, comparing with contemporary scholars, he paid more attention to historical theory and methodology of intellectual history. In recent years, with the reflection on modern scholarship, the collation of Muraoka’s manuscripts and the translation of relevant western theoretical works, researchers have paid more and more attention to him. The basis of Muraoka’s theoretical system are Boeckh’s philology and the historical philosophy of Baden, school of neo-Kantians. Muraoka was deeply influenced by modern German humanism, especially Romanticism and Historicism. Muraoka inherited and even misinterpreted them, then formed his own research style. Essentialism and personality research are its main features. This style of historiography sets the tone for the study of Japanese intellectual history in the 20th century.