恩格斯的资本批判及其当代价值

Engels' Critique of Capital and Its Characteristics

马克思主义是与资本批判和对人的解放之路的探究紧密联系在一起的。作为马克思主义的创始人,恩格斯在75年的生命历程中,亲身感受资本时代的“疾苦和病症”,悉心清理资本形成的历史过程和现实运动,并通过整理《资本论》手稿完成了对资本逻辑和结构的体系化建构,更借助工人运动有效地探索了超越资本的实践方式。恩格斯去世后,资本世界发生的很多变化在某种意义上可以看作是其所展开的一系列工作所产生的后续效应。而20世纪后期以来“消费社会”“数字资本主义”的来临,不过是资本所带动的“历史向‘世界历史’转变”趋势的最新体现。因此,恩格斯的资本批判依然有效,且具有不可超越的现实价值。

Marxism is associated with the critique of capital and the exploration of the way to individual emancipation. As a founder of Marxism, Engels, in the course of his 75-year life, saw firsthand the sufferings and diseases of capital's reign;he carefully clarified the historical processes and actual movements of capital formation, completed the systematic construction of the logic and structure of capital by compiling the manuscripts of Das Kapital , and even effectively explored ways of surpassing capital in practice via labor movements. The changes that occurred in capitalism after Engels' death should in a sense be attributed to his work. In particular, the advent of the consumer society and the digital capitalism that emerged in the late 20th century are just the latest manifestations of how history has become a world history driven by capital. In this regard, Engels' critique of capital is still valid, and has tremendous practical value.