不同风险评估方法在某有色金属铸造企业职业健康风险评估中的应用

Application of different risk assessment methods in occupational health risk assessment in a nonferrous metal casting enterprise

【目的】采用3种不同的职业健康风险评估方法对某有色金属铸造企业硅尘暴露岗位的职业健康风险进行评估,探索不同方法的适用性。【方法】选取青浦区某有色金属铸造企业,应用半定量接触比值法、半定量综合指数法和职业危害风险指数法对硅尘暴露岗位开展职业健康风险评估。采用加权Kappa检验对3种方法的评估结果进行一致性检验。【结果】熔炼岗位和密闭清砂岗位,硅尘质量浓度均小于职业接触限值;手工造型岗位和清砂岗位,硅尘浓度最高。一致性检验结果显示,接触比值评估法和综合指数法Kappa系数为0.300,一致性一般;接触比值评估法和职业危害风险指数法Kappa系数为-0.089,2个观测结果不一致;职业病危害风险指数法和综合指数法Kappa系数为0.186,一致性较差。【结论】铸造行业粉尘危害较严重,需采取机械化和密闭作业。半定量综合指数法的风险评估结果更准确,与现实比较接近;半定量接触比值评估法在粉尘污染越严重的岗位,评估结果越差;职业危害风险指数法能够快速识别高风险岗位。

[Objective]Three different occupational health risk assessment methods were used to assess the occupational health risks of positions exposed to silica dust in a nonferrous metal casting enterprise,in which the application of different methods were explored.[Methods]A nonferrous metal casting enterprise in Qingpu District was selected to conduct occupational health risk assessment of silica dust exposure positions using semi-quantitative contact ratio method,semi-quantitative comprehensive index method and occupational hazard risk index method.The weighted Kappa test was used to test the consistency of the evaluation results of the three methods.[Results]The concentration of silica dust in smelting post and closed sand cleaning post was less than the occupational exposure limit.The concentration of silica dust was the highest in manual molding post and sand cleaning post.The consistency test results show that the Kappa coefficient of contact ratio evaluation method and comprehensive index method was 0.300,and the consistency was general.The Kappa coefficient of exposure ratio assessment method and occupational hazard risk index method was-0.089,and the two observation results were inconsistent.The Kappa coefficient of occupational hazard risk index method and comprehensive index method was 0.186,and the consistency was poor.[Conclusion]The dust hazard in foundry industry is serious,so mechanization and airtight operation are needed.The risk assessment result of the semi-quantitative comprehensive index method is more accurate and closer to reality.The more serious the dust pollution is,the worse the result will be.The occupational hazard risk index method can quickly identify high-risk positions.