上海市普陀区公寓住宅室内外空气PM2.5质量浓度及变化特征

Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentration and its variation characteristics in the apartments in Putuo District,Shanghai

【目的】了解上海市普陀区公寓住宅室内PM 2.5的污染状况、来源、特征以及与室外PM 2.5的相关性,为制定标准和控制污染提供依据。【方法】选取辖区内不同区域的5套公寓住宅,在2018年4个季度中同时开展连续5 d 24 h的室内外PM 2.5质量浓度监测;记录厨房、空气净化器、空调的使用情况,室内吸烟和开窗通风情况等因素。【结果】室内PM 2.5为(49±33)μg/m 3,中位数为43μg/m 3;室外PM 2.5为(53±29)μg/m 3,中位数为47μg/m 3。室内空气春季、夏季和冬季的PM 2.5均高于秋季;室外空气冬季较高、春季和夏季次之、秋季最低。室内PM 2.50:00—6:00较低,7:00—23:00较高,室外PM 2.57:00—17:00较低,18:00—6:00较高。室内外PM 2.5质量浓度呈正相关(r=0.825,P<0.001);室内外(I/O)比值为0.93±0.53,中位数为0.87。吸烟、烹饪、开窗通风时间和使用空气净化设备等是I/O比值的影响因素。【结论】本次监测住宅室内外PM 2.5水平总体情况良好;室内外PM 2.5质量浓度呈正相关,且有明显的空间、季节和昼夜变化规律;根据不同污染源,选择增加开窗通风时间或使用空气净化设备可有效较低I/O比值。

[Objective]To understand the prevalence,source,characteristics of indoor PM2.5 and its correlation with outdoor PM2.5 in Putuo District of Shanghai,and to provide evidence for establishing standards and controlling pollution.[Methods]A total of five apartments in different areas in Putuo District were selected.We conducted 24-hour indoor and outdoor PM2.5 mass concentration monitoring for five consecutive days in the four quarters of 2018.In addition,we recorded the running condition of kitchens,air purifiers,air conditioners,and ventilation,and indoor smoking.[Results]The indoor PM2.5 concentration was determined to be(49±33)μg/m3,with a median of 43μg/m3.The outdoor PM2.5 concentration was(53±29)μg/m3,with a median of 47μg/m3.The indoor PM2.5concentration was higher in spring,summer and winter;similarly,the outdoor concentration was higher in winter,followed by spring and summer.The indoor PM2.5 concentration was lower from 0:00 to 6:00,whereas higher from 7:00 to 23:00.Comparatively,the outdoor concentration was lower from 7:00 to 17:00 and higher from 18:00 to 6:00.There was a significantly positive correlation between indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations(rs=0.825,P<0.001).The I/O ratio was 0.93±0.53,with a median of 0.87.Smoking,cooking,ventilation time and running of air purification equipment were determined to be the factors associated with the I/O ratio.[Conclusion]The indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentration in the apartments is generally acceptable.Indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations are significantly correlated,with spatial,seasonal and diurnal change.According to different sources of PM2.5 pollution,increasing ventilation time or using air purification equipment can effectively reduce the I/O ratio.